#NEXUS [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, Yale University, SDSC and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. Generated on November 09, 2025; 13:43 GMT TreeBASE (cc) 1994-2008 Study reference: Rouse G. 2000. Bias? What bias? The evolution of downstream larval-feeding in animals. Zoologica Scripta, 29(3): 213-236. TreeBASE Study URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S675] [ The following blocks are input data for analysis step 1008 ] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE TaxaForAnalysisStep1008; DIMENSIONS NTAX=91; TAXLABELS Aberrantidae Acoetidae Acrocirridae Aeolosomatidae Alciopidae Alvinellidae Ampharetidae Amphinomidae Aphroditidae Apistobranchidae Arenicolidae Capitellidae Chaetopteridae Chrysopetalidae Cirratulidae Clitellata Cossuridae Ctenodrilidae Diurodrilidae Dorvilleidae Echiura Entoprocta Eulepethidae Eunicidae Euphrosinidae Fauveliopsidae Flabelligeridae Glyceridae Goniadidae Hartmaniellidae Hesionidae Histriobdellidae Ichthyotomidae Iospilidae Lacydoniidae Longosomatidae Lopadorhynchidae Lumbrineridae Magelonidae Maldanidae Mollusca Myzostomidae Nautiliniellidae Nemertea Nephtyidae Nereididae Nerillidae Oenonidae Onuphidae Opheliidae Orbiniidae Oweniidae Paralacydoniidae Paraonidae Parergodrilidae Pectinariidae Pholoidae Phyllodocidae Pilargidae Pisionidae Platyhelminthes Poecilochaetidae Poeobiidae Polygordiidae Polynoidae Pontodoridae Potamodrilidae Protodrilidae Protodriloididae Psammodrilidae Questidae Rotifera Sabellariidae Sabellidae Saccocirridae Scalibregmatidae Serpulidae Siboglinidae Sigalionidae Sipuncula Sphaerodoridae Spintheridae Spionidae Sternaspidae Syllidae Terebellidae Tomopteridae Trichobranchidae Trochochaetidae Typhloscolecidae Uncispionidae ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; [! TreeBASE Matrix URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/matrix/TB2:M2691] TITLE Multistate; LINK TAXA = TaxaForAnalysisStep1008; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=71; FORMAT DATATYPE=Standard SYMBOLS= "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C" MISSING=? GAP= -; CHARSTATELABELS 1 PROSTOMIUM / Tentacles Flattened Acron Absent Distinct 'Fused, distinct' 'Fused, limited' 'Fused, frontal..', 2 PERISTOMIUM / Sipunculid Acron Absent Ring Two_rings Elongate Rings_and_collar Lips_only, 3 PROS._ANT. / Absent Present, 4 PROS._ANT_DIST. / Median Lateral Median_and_Lateral, 5 PALPS / 'Absent-Innervation only' Present, 6 PALP_TYPE / Grooved Ventral_Sens., 7 GROOVED_PALPS / Grooved_Prostomial Grooved_Peristomial, 8 Prostomial_G._Palps / G.Pro.Pair G.Pro.Mul. G.Pro.Cro., 9 Peristomial_Palps / G.Peri.Pai Peri.Pap. G.Peri.Mul., 10 V.SENS._PALPS / Pro.Ven. Pro.VenLat., 11 NUCHAL_ORGANS / Absent Pits_or_grooves post._proj. Caruncle, 12 LONG._BANDS / Absent Present, 13 SEGMENTATION / A. P., 14 1st_SEGMENT / Indistinct Similar Surround_head Fused_to_head DL_to_head Elongate Arthropod, 15 1st_APPENDAGES / Same_as_following Absent T._cirri_only Noto. Neuro. Frenulate Arthropod, 16 T.CIRRI / A. P., 17 PARAPODIA / Absent Rami_similar Neuropodia_larger Tori_present Noto._ridges Spiomorph Saccocirrid, 18 D.CIRRI / Absent Cirriform Elytrae Foliacious Limited Narrow_elongate, 19 V.CIRRI / Absent Present, 20 GILLS / Absent Parapodial Dorsal_simple Dorsal_flat 'Dorsal, ant. segments' Interramal Single, 21 LATERAL_O. / A. P., 22 D._CIRRUS_O. / A. P., 23 DORSAL_O. / A. P., 24 EPID._PAP. / A. P., 25 PYG._CIRRI / Absent PresentI PresentII, 26 D.LAT._FOLDS / A. P., 27 STOMODAEUM / Sipunculid Echiurid Arthropod D._muscularised No_organ Ax._Hyper Vent._organ Absent Vent._hyper Axial_Simp. Cossurid Psammodrilid Spintherid, 28 AXIAL_JAWS / Absent Lateral_Pair 'D-V pairs' Cross_or_Cir. Single_Tooth, 29 PROVENT. / A. P., 30 VENT._ORGAN / Eversible 'Non-eversible', 31 V.HYP. / Ridged Jaws, 32 V.HYP._JAWS / Ctenognaths Labidognaths Prionognaths, 33 GULAR_M. / A. P., 34 GUT / Sipunculid Echiurid Straight Lateral_folds Side_Branches Occluded, 35 NEPHRIDIA / Metanephridia Protonephridia, 36 CIL.PHAG. / A. P., 37 META.FUSION / None Mixonephridia Metanephromixia, 38 PROT.FUS. / None Protonephromixia, 39 REPRODUCTIVE_REGION / Not_segmental Along_body Ant.ex.post.gono Restricted Ant_sterile._post.gono Arthropod Clitellate Capitellid Histriobdellid Oweniid Myzostome Questid, 40 SPERM / A. P., 41 CIRCULATION / Absent_Lim. Closed 'Ostiate, Haemocoel', 42 HEART_BODY / A. P., 43 CHAETAE / A. P., 44 CHAETAL_COMP. / A. P., 45 CH._INVER. / A. P., 46 ACICULAE / Absent Present, 47 COMPOUND_Chaetae / Absent SIngle_ligament Double_ligament Fold, 48 COMPOUND_SHAPE / Tapers Falcate Dentate Hooked, 49 CAPILLARY / A. P., 50 SPINES_1_CHAET. / A. P., 51 SPINES / A. P., 52 HOODED_CHAETAE / A. P., 53 HOOKS / Absent Falcate Dentate, 54 UNCINI / A. P., 55 SILKY_CHAETAE / A. P., 56 Coelom / A. P., 57 Circum._Nerve_Ring / A. P., 58 Annelid_Cross / A. P., 59 Molluscan_Cross / A. P., 60 Trochophore / A. P., 61 Prototroch / A. P., 62 Metatroch / A. P., 63 Ciliated_Food_Groove / A. P., 64 Oral_Brush / A. P., 65 Akrotroch / A. P., 66 Meniscotroch / A. P., 67 Telotroch / A. P., 68 Neurotroch / A. P., 69 Protoneph / A. P., 70 Apical_Plate / A. P., 71 Downstream / A. P., ; MATRIX [ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 ] [ . . . . . . . . ] Aberrantidae 441011---11111002002?-001?{689}--????2????{134}?{01}010000-100000011?????????????? Acoetidae 471211---01112012210000010520---0400??{134}?{01}?10010-101000111?????????????? Acrocirridae 470-101-0-1?11101002?-010?6--0--?2001-2011100033100000011?????????????? Aeolosomatidae 570-0-----10110-0--00-000?6--0--02001-101010000-100000011??000000000?00 Alciopidae 471211---01?10212310000010500---0210-1100-100110100000011?????????????? Alvinellidae 470-101-2-1113103004?-00006--1--13001-311?10000-110001011??0100000????0 Ampharetidae 470-101-2-11131030041-00206--1--13001-301110000-110001011??011000010?10 Amphinomidae 471211---131140011110000018---0-02001-101011010-101000011??011100011?11 Aphroditidae 471011---01112012210000010520---04001-1?1010010-101000111??01000011??1? Apistobranchidae 470-101-0-21110055001000219-----0200{12}-401010000-100000011?????????????? Arenicolidae 470-0-----11111030010-00019-----12001-301010000-10002001110010000011?10 Capitellidae 470-0-----11111030001-00009-----12000-700-10000-10012001110010000011111 Chaetopteridae 470-101-0-2111303000?-000?4-----0200{12}-401010000-1100010110?0?1000000?10 Chrysopetalidae 471211---01?12014110000010510---02002-{134}010100111100000011??010000111?11 Cirratulidae 470-101-0-11111010020-00016--0--12001-201110000-101000011??010001011?10 Clitellata 430-0-----01110-0--00-00013-----02000-611010000-10100001110010000001100 Cossuridae 430-0-----11110010060-0020A-----02????401010000-100000011?????????????? Ctenodrilidae 470-0-----10111-0--20-00016--0--02001-2?1110000-100020011??010000011?00 Diurodrilidae 430-0-----{01}?11--0--00-00116--0--0210-?{34}00-0------------1??????????????? Dorvilleidae 441211---111110021100100118---100200{12}-101010012210000001110011001011?10 Echiura 170-0-----000---0--00-00-01------100?-001010000-0-00100111011110??11111 Entoprocta 32--0-----000------00-00000------210-000000------------0000111100001111 Eulepethidae 471211---01?12012210000010520---040???{134}?{01}?10010-101000011?????????????? Eunicidae 441211---111110021110100118---1102001-1010100122100100011??011001011?10 Euphrosinidae 4712??????31140041110000118---0-02001-1?1011010-101000011?????????1???? Fauveliopsidae 470-101-0-1?11001000?001016--0--1{234}????{1234}?1?10000-10000001??????????????? Flabelligeridae 470-101-0-1111001002?-01016--0--13001-2011100033100000011??010000010??0 Glyceridae 471111---01111002110000010530---0211-11?0-100110100000011??010000101?11 Goniadidae 471111---0?111402110000010530---?{24}10-1400-100110100000011??010000101??0 Hartmaniellidae 440-0-----1?11002112??00118---12?2????{134}?{01}?1001201000000???????????????? Hesionidae 471211---01110212110000010510---02012-101010011010000001110010000101?11 Histriobdellidae 431211---1{01}111--0--00-00018---120210-0800-0------------11??000000000?00 Ichthyotomidae 571211---01111002110??001?510---02002-100-10011{02}100000011?????????????? Iospilidae 470-11---01?102121100?0000510---?{24}????{134}?{01}?10011000000001??????????????? Lacydoniidae 471111---01110212310000020500---02????{134}?{01}?100110100000011??010000?10?1? Longosomatidae 470-101-0-2?11105002?-000?6--0--?{24}????{134}?{01}?10000-101000011?????????????? Lopadorhynchidae 471111---01?10212310??0?005{01}0---?{24}????{134}?{01}?100110000000011??01000010010? Lumbrineridae 44120-----11110024100100118---1102001-{134}0{01}?100122100000011??011001010?10 Magelonidae 470-101-1-01111050001-00116--0--02????401010000-100120011??010000000111 Maldanidae 570-0-----11111030000-0021{69}--?--12001-301010000-10002001110010000011?10 Mollusca 33--0-----000------00-00000------2?0?-00000------------1101010000010110 Myzostomidae 670-0-----{01}?1100211000000?500---0410-0A00-10010-100010011??01100??10?10 Nautiliniellidae 571111---0{01}?11002110010000501---?{24}????{134}?{01}?10010-1000000???????????????? Nemertea 32--0-----000------00-00000------210-000000------------1000000000000?10 Nephtyidae 471111---01110011115000010510---0211-11?1010010-100000011??0100?0110?11 Nereididae 471111---01110212110000010510---02012-10101001110000000111001000??10?10 Nerillidae 571211---111110010000-00116--0--02001-1010100010100000011??010000011?10 Oenonidae 44120-----11110024000100118---12?{24}????{134}?1010010-10000001??????????????? Onuphidae 431211---111110021110100118---1102001-{14}0101001221000000111?011001010?10 Opheliidae 470-0-----11110010011-00219-----12001-{134}01110000-100000011??011?00011?11 Orbiniidae 430-0-----11110010031010216--0--0200{12}-1?1?10000-10100001110011001011100 Oweniidae 630-1000--{01}1113030000-00016--0--02001-901010000-100020011??011100000111 Paralacydoniidae 471111---01?104021100000?0500---?{24}????{134}?{01}?100110100000011??010000011?0? Paraonidae 57100-----11110010031-00216--0--0200{12}-401010000-100100011??010000010?1? Parergodrilidae 530-0-----11110-0--00-00006--0--0200??{134}?1-10000-100000011?????????????? Pectinariidae 670-101-2-21133030041-00016--1--13001-301110000-110001011??010000011111 Pholoidae 471211---0{01}?12012210000010520---020?{12}-40{01}?100112100000011??010010111?11 Phyllodocidae 471211---01110212310000010500---0210-1100-1001101000000111?010000111111 Pilargidae 471211---01?10212110000010500---?{24}????{134}?{01}?10010-101000011??010000110??0 Pisionidae 471111---00110212110000010520---0210-1300-100111100000011??010000101?10 Platyhelminthes 32--0-----000------00-00000------210-000000------------0000000000000110 Poecilochaetidae 470-101-0-21110050011-00216--0--0200{12}-401010000-101000011????00???10??0 Poeobiidae 470-101-0-1?111-0--20-01016--0--13001-20110------------11?????????????? Polygordiidae 530-1000--1111--0--00-00114-----0200--101010000010000001110111100010111 Polynoidae 471211---01112212210000010520---04001-101010010-10100001110010010101111 Pontodoridae 471111---01?10212110000010501---02????{134}0{01}?1001100000000???????????????? Potamodrilidae 570-0-----1111000--00-000?6--0--0200?-301010000-10000001??????????????? Protodrilidae 530-1000--1111--0--00-00116--0--02102030100------------11???11000011110 Protodriloididae 530-1000--11110-0--00-00116--0--0200?-401010000-000020011??010000000?00 Psammodrilidae 430-0-----11111030000-000?B-----0200?-400-10000-000020011??010000011?10 Questidae 430-0-----1?111010021-00216--0--02?0??B01010000-100020011??0??????????0 Rotifera 32--0-----000------00-00000------210-000000------------0000000000000100 Sabellariidae 670-101-0-11133030030-00004-----02001-201110100-110001011??010000011111 Sabellidae 660-1002--11113030000-00004-----02001-201010100-100021011??011?00001?00 Saccocirridae 430-1000--11110060000-00116--0--0200?-1?1010000-1000000111??11000011?1? Scalibregmatidae 430-0-----11110010011-00209-----02001-1?1010000-100000011?????????????? Serpulidae 660-1002--11113030000-00004-----02001-201010100-10000101110111100001111 Siboglinidae 450-101-0-{01}1155030000-00007-----05?0??201010000-100001011??010000011??0 Sigalionidae 471211---01112012210000010520---04001-1010100112100000011100100101???11 Sipuncula 000-0-----000---0--00-00-00------0000-000-0------------1101011000000010 Sphaerodoridae 471211---011102120100-0010501---0200{12}-3?0-100111100000011??0??????????0 Spintheridae 47100-----0?140040100-001?C-----04????{134}?10100133001000011?????????????? Spionidae 4710101-0-21110050031-1021{69}--?--0200{12}-401010000-10012001110010000010?11 Sternaspidae 470-0-----{01}0110010020-010?9-----03001-2?1010000-110000011100?0000000?10 Syllidae 471211---01111212110000010541---02002-10101001121000000111?010001011110 Terebellidae 770-1001--11131030040-00016--1--13001-301110000-10000101110010000011110 Tomopteridae 570-11---01?102120000-0000500---021021100-10010-000000011??010000000?00 Trichobranchidae 770-1001--1?131030040-00016--1--1300{12}-301110000-100021011??010000011?10 Trochochaetidae 4710101-0-21110050001-10209-----?{24}00{12}-4?{01}?10000-101000011??010000010??? Typhloscolecidae 47100-----1110212310000010500---?{24}1?-?{134}?0-10010-100000011?????????????? Uncispionidae 4710101-0-{012}?11005003?-002?9-----?{24}????{134}?{01}?10000-1000200???????????????? ; END; [ The following blocks are output data for analysis step 1008 ] BEGIN TREES; TITLE Tb5784; LINK TAXA = TaxaForAnalysisStep1008; TREE Fig._4b = [&R] (Rotifera,Entoprocta,Platyhelminthes,Nemertea,Mollusca,Sipuncula,Echiura,(Clitellata,(((((((((((Acoetidae,Aphroditidae),Eulepethidae,Polynoidae),Sigalionidae),Pholoidae),Chrysopetalidae,(((Glyceridae,Goniadidae),Paralacydoniidae),Lacydoniidae,Phyllodocidae),Hesionidae,Nephtyidae,Nereididae,Pilargidae,Pisionidae,Sphaerodoridae,Syllidae),(Amphinomidae,Euphrosinidae),Dorvilleidae,Eunicidae,Lumbrineridae,Onuphidae),(Cossuridae,Opheliidae,Orbiniidae,Questidae,Scalibregmatidae),Saccocirridae),Protodrilidae),Polygordiidae),Protodriloididae),(((Acrocirridae,Flabelligeridae),(((Alvinellidae,Ampharetidae),Pectinariidae),(Terebellidae,Trichobranchidae)),Apistobranchidae,(Arenicolidae,Capitellidae,Maldanidae),Chaetopteridae,Cirratulidae,Longosomatidae,(Magelonidae,(Paraonidae,Spionidae)),Poecilochaetidae,(Sabellariidae,(Sabellidae,Serpulidae),Siboglinidae),Trochochaetidae),Oweniidae)))); [! TreeBASE tree URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/tree/TB2:Tr3678] END;