#NEXUS [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, Yale University, SDSC and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. Generated on April 20, 2026; 5:19 GMT TreeBASE (cc) 1994-2008 Study reference: Jimenez-vasquez V.A., Millan B., Machahua M., Kahn F., Ramirez R., Pintaud J., & Roncal J. 2017. Dry season characteristics in western Amazonia underlie the divergence of Astrocaryum section Huicungo (Arecaceae) and evaluation of potential anatomical adaptations. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 185(3): 291–306. TreeBASE Study URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S21294] [ The following blocks are input data for analysis step 21248 ] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE TaxaForAnalysisStep21248; DIMENSIONS NTAX=26; TAXLABELS Astrocaryum_carnosum Astrocaryum_chambira Astrocaryum_chonta Astrocaryum_ciliatum Astrocaryum_faranae Astrocaryum_ferrugineum Astrocaryum_gratum Astrocaryum_gynacanthum Astrocaryum_huaimi Astrocaryum_huicungo Astrocaryum_jauari Astrocaryum_javarense Astrocaryum_macrocalyx Astrocaryum_minus Astrocaryum_murumuru Astrocaryum_paramaca Astrocaryum_perangustatum Astrocaryum_rodriguesii Astrocaryum_sciophilum Astrocaryum_scopatum Astrocaryum_standleyanum Astrocaryum_ulei Astrocaryum_urostachys Astrocaryum_vulgare Hexopetion_alatum Hexopetion_mexicanum ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; [! TreeBASE Matrix URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/matrix/TB2:M41875] TITLE Huicungo_Morphological_Anatomy; LINK TAXA = TaxaForAnalysisStep21248; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=66; FORMAT DATATYPE=Standard SYMBOLS= "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8" MISSING=? GAP= -; CHARSTATELABELS 1 M1_Stem / aerial_ subterranean subacaulescent, 2 M2_Plant_habit / caespitose solitary, 3 M3_Trunk_protection / armed unarmed little_armed, 4 M4_Leave_scars_on_trunk / absence presence, 5 'M5 Sheath of dead leaves^n' / persistent_on_the_stem 'non-persistent', 6 'M6 ^nSpine shape' / round winged_and_flattened flattened, 7 M7_Floccose_spines / absence presence, 8 M8_Spine_length_on_sheath_and_petiole_ / equal different, 9 M9_Spine_shape_on_adaxial_and_abaxial_side_of_lamina / equal different, 10 M10_Spine_shape_on_adaxial_and_abaxial_side_of_rachis_ / lanceollate black_and_flattened, 11 M11_Arrangement_of_spines_on_rachis_ / random grouped_in_a_given_number, 12 M12_Spine_length_on_adaxial_and_abaxial_side_of_rachis / equal different, 13 M13_Arrangement_of_pinnae / one_plane_ more_than_one_plane_, 14 M14_Prominent_ribs_on_each_side_of_the_central_rib_on_pinnae / absence presence, 15 M15_Abaxial_indument_on_pinnae / absence presence, 16 M16_Position_on_Inflorescence / Male_and_female_flowers_erected_ one_of_them_pendulous_, 17 'M17 Inflorescence: prophyll inserted on rachis' / inserted_ 'non-inserted', 18 'M18 Inflorescence: prophyll with floccose indument' / absence presence, 19 'M19 Inflorescence: flower triad at the base of rachillae' / absence presence, 20 M20_Type_of_flower_on_distal_part_of_rachillae / staminate_ pistillate, 21 M21_Calyx_shape_of_female_flower_ / tubular urceolate truncated_to_cup ovoid_to_pear_shape, 22 M22_Calyx_margin_of_female_flower / slightly_in_three_parts denticulated_and_lobed_, 23 M23_Corolla_shape_of_female_flower / oblong_to_tubular urceolate truncated_, 24 M24_Position_of_spines_in_corolla_of_female_flower / distant_from_margin along_the_margin, 25 'M25 Proportion calyx-corolla of female flower' / calyx_shorter_or_equal_ calyx_longer, 26 M26_Calyx_indument_of_female_flower / spines_or_setae glabrous_, 27 M27_Pistil_shape / conoidal_ cylindrical_ oblong_, 28 M28_Fruit_endocarp / membranous_ variant, 29 M29_Fruit_shape / turbinate 'non-turbinate' variant, 30 M30_Epicarp_indument / long_setae long_spines, 31 'M31 Proportion of staminodial ring / corolla' / '0.1 - 0.463' '0.463 - 0.651', 32 'A1 Adaxial epidermis: outer wall' / cells_with_outer_wall_thin cells_with_outer_wall_thick, 33 'A2 Abaxial epidermis: cell shape' / cells_round_in_outline cells_rectangular cells_oval, 34 'A3 Abaxial epidermis: outer wall' / cells_with_outer_wall_thin cells_with_outer_wall_thick, 35 A4_Epidermal_indumentum / absent papillate 'cone-shaped hairs with pluricellular base', 36 A5_Number_of_subsidiary_cells_around_guard_cells / 'two lateral subsidiary cells, no terminal cells' 'four subsidiary cells: two lateral and two terminal cells' 'six subsidiary cells: two outer lateral, two inner lateral, two terminal cells', 37 A6_Shape_of_terminal_cells / absence_ round_in_outline 'kidney-shaped' 'V-shaped' lobed 'Y-shaped' 'dumbbell-shaped ' oval short_triangular, 38 A7_Terminal_cell_superimposition / absence_ superimposed_only_on_the_extremities_of_outer_or_inner_lateral_subsidiary_cells superimposed_on_the_extremities_of_inner_and_outer_lateral_subsidiary_cells superimposed_on_the_major_part_of_outer_or_inner_lateral_subsidiary_cells, 39 A8_Location_of_terminal_cell_extremities / absence terminal_cell_extremities_rise_above_those_of_outer_or_inner_lateral_subsidiary_cells terminal_cell_extremities_rise_above_those_of_outer_and_inner_lateral_subsidiary_cells terminal_cell_extremities_rise_above_the_major_part_of_outer_or_inner_lateral_subsidiary_cells, 40 A9_Stomata_arrangement_in_epidermis / regularly_laid_out_in_lines irregularly_laid_out_in_lines, 41 A10_Hypodermal_cell_size / cells_of_adaxial_hypodermis_larger_than_those_of_abaxial_hypodermis adaxial_and_abaxial_hypodermis_cells_with_same_size cells_of_adaxial_hypodermis_smaller_than_those_of_abaxial_hypodermis, 42 A11_Hypodermal_outer_cell_wall_on_adaxial_side / thick thin, 43 A12_Hypodermal_inner_cell_wall_on_adaxial_side / thin thick, 44 A13_Hypodermal_outer_cell_wall_on_abaxial_side / thick_ thin_, 45 A14_Hypodermal_inner_cell_wall_on_abaxial_side / thin_ thick, 46 A15_Shape_of_fibrous_strands_under_the_adaxial_hypodermis / absence 'column-shaped' 'arrosetate-shaped' 'raceme-shaped, same or different sizes' 'round in outline and raceme-shaped', 47 A16_Presence_and_shape_of_fibrous_strands_above_the_abaxial_hypodermis / no_fibers arrosetate round_in_outline 'raceme-shaped' arrosetate_and_round_in_outline, 48 A17_Continuous_layer_of_parenchyma_between_hypodermis_and_fibers_strands / absence presence, 49 A18_Chlorenchyma_with_palisade_cells / with_very_short_cells with_long_cells, 50 A19_Major_vascular_bundle / ovoid rhomboid elliptical round_in_outline, 51 A20_Location_of_xylem_in_major_vascular_bundle / one_or_more_vessels_of_metaxylem_in_central_part_of_the_bundle one_or_more_vessels_of_metaxylem_in_lower_part_of_the_bundle, 52 A21_Location_of_phloem_in_major_vascular_bundle / only_in_the_lower_part_of_xylem with_shape_of_a_U_surrounding_xylem_partially 'with shape of an half-moon surrounding xylem partially', 53 A22_Fibers_in_major_vascular_bundle / mostly_located_at_the_bottom 'mostly located at the two extremities, with a few laterally' exclusively_located_at_the_two_extremities, 54 A23_Bundle_sheath_extension / 'composed of parenchyma and/or fibers forming a column' composed_of_fibers_forming_a_short_beak without_extension, 55 A24_Minor_vascular_bundles / arrosetate round_in_outline elliptical ovoid round_in_outline_and_elliptical, 56 'A25 Hypodermis: expansion cells in the angle with the lamina on only one or on each side of the rib' / expansion_cells_absent on_the_adaxial_side on_the_abaxial_side, 57 A26_Vascular_tissue / without_perivascular_sheath 'sclerified perivascular sheath discontinuous, rhomboid or triangular' 'sclerified perivascular sheath divided into two cap-shaped parts located in abaxial and adaxial position' sclerified_perivascular_sheath_continuous, 58 A27_Fibrous_strands / absence_of_stegmata presence_of_stegmata, 59 A28_Aerenchyma / absent located_under_the_vascular_bundles located_in_the_center_of_the_main_rib, 60 'A29 Epidermal cells: shape' / rectangular oval round_in_outline, 61 'A30 Epidermal cells: outer wall' / thick thin, 62 A31_Hypodermis / presence_of_parenchyma presence_of_sclereids presence_of_septate_fibers, 63 A32_Fibrous_strands / absence_of_stegmata presence_of_stegmata, 64 'A33 Epidermal cells: shape' / rectangular oval round_in_outline, 65 'A34 Epidermal cells: outer wall' / thick thin, 66 A35_Hypodermis / without_sclereids_cells with_sclereid_cells, ; MATRIX [ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 ] [ . . . . . . . ] Astrocaryum_carnosum 201100001100000010100001100001002102322020010{23}411010124{12}0100011001 Astrocaryum_chambira 010??1??????1??0??0????????????001000001210103211100122{12}0010000000 Astrocaryum_chonta 01{01}1110001100000100021110101100120023111110103201201001{12}0121111011 Astrocaryum_ciliatum 11???20001000110{01}?1010001010{01}0012102322020111321111112410101021100 Astrocaryum_faranae 001101001000000010000111000001010102320000100{13}411011124{12}0100011101 Astrocaryum_ferrugineum 01110100010000111000?0011000001??????????????????????????????????? Astrocaryum_gratum 01{01}11100001000001000301111?100012002122020000321111222100100011211 Astrocaryum_gynacanthum 000??2????1?01?1??00???????????02002330020000201131000101000000101 Astrocaryum_huaimi ???????????????????????????????12002722001111{13}11110112410110001210 Astrocaryum_huicungo {02}01101001101000010000101000000012002320021010320111002020100011200 Astrocaryum_jauari ???????????????????????????????10112801012111121100012110110001210 Astrocaryum_javarense {02}11101000000000010002121002001112102320020101331110022020100011201 Astrocaryum_macrocalyx 0111110010000000100030?111{02}000102002522010110321121012100120011201 Astrocaryum_minus ???????????????????????????????02022343004100{13}20121000321000001??? Astrocaryum_murumuru 001111000?000001110021010100001121023111101013411210002{12}0121001000 Astrocaryum_paramaca ???????????????????????????????11002240025110{23}21131000111000001??? Astrocaryum_perangustatum 011111101110001001001111110001102002322021001311111022100100011201 Astrocaryum_rodriguesii ???????????????????????????????12002343016010{123}21130020111000001000 Astrocaryum_sciophilum {01}1??02?1????01?0??0????????????12002433020000{13}41120000322000010??? Astrocaryum_scopatum {02}01100010101000010001111100010112102322021010{23}201011221{12}0100111010 Astrocaryum_standleyanum ???????????????????????????????1110210102311122111111211011000?210 Astrocaryum_ulei 0011111000000001100121010100010121023111201003211111122{12}0121011001 Astrocaryum_urostachys {02}01111001100000010003131112000102002522011010320101022200122101210 Astrocaryum_vulgare 000??0??????1??0??0?1???0??????10102211020000321110012410010001000 Hexopetion_alatum 010?{01}2??????0?10??002???0??1???1100131011001044102010112300??????? Hexopetion_mexicanum 010?12??????0?10??002???0??1???01001610111010{23}4102010132300??????? ; END; [ The following blocks are output data for analysis step 21248 ] BEGIN TREES; TITLE Huicungo_morphology_supports; LINK TAXA = TaxaForAnalysisStep21248; TREE Fig._S3 = [&R] ((Hexopetion_mexicanum:1.0,Hexopetion_alatum:1.0)98:7.0,(Astrocaryum_chonta:7.0,(((Astrocaryum_sciophilum:1.0,Astrocaryum_minus:1.0)32:2.0,(Astrocaryum_gynacanthum:2.0,(Astrocaryum_paramaca:1.0,Astrocaryum_rodriguesii:1.0)24:1.0)12:1.0)22:3.0,((Astrocaryum_gratum:3.0,(Astrocaryum_perangustatum:2.0,(Astrocaryum_macrocalyx:1.0,Astrocaryum_urostachys:1.0)45:1.0)27:1.0)34:2.0,((Astrocaryum_javarense:3.0,((Astrocaryum_murumuru:1.0,Astrocaryum_ulei:1.0)56:1.0,(Astrocaryum_faranae:1.0,Astrocaryum_carnosum:1.0)34:1.0)13:1.0)10:1.0,((Astrocaryum_scopatum:1.0,Astrocaryum_huicungo:1.0)14:2.0,((Astrocaryum_vulgare:1.0,Astrocaryum_chambira:1.0)57:1.0,(Astrocaryum_ciliatum:1.0,Astrocaryum_ferrugineum:1.0,Astrocaryum_huaimi:1.0,Astrocaryum_jauari:1.0,Astrocaryum_standleyanum:1.0)9:1.0)8:1.0)5:1.0)7:1.0)26:1.0)47:1.0)98:1.0)100; [! TreeBASE tree URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/tree/TB2:Tr105757] END;