#NEXUS [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, Yale University, SDSC and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. Generated on December 27, 2025; 15:28 GMT TreeBASE (cc) 1994-2008 Study reference: O'leary M. 1999. Parsimony analysis of total evidence from extinct and extant taxa, and the cetacean-artiodactyl question. Cladistics, 15(3): 315-330. TreeBASE Study URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S10029] [ The following blocks are input data for analysis step 5087 ] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE TaxaForAnalysisStep5087; DIMENSIONS NTAX=37; TAXLABELS Agriochoerus Ambulocetus Andrewsarchus Ankalagon Archaeotherium Arctocyon Balaenoptera_edeni Basilosaurus Camelus_dromedarius Diacodexis Dissacus Dorudon Elomeryx Eoconodon Equus_caballus Hapalodectes Harpagolestes Hexaprotodon_liberiensis Hippopotamus_amphibius Hyopsodus Hyracotherium Meniscotherium Mesonyx Ovis_aries Pachyaena Pakicetus Phenacodus Poebrotherium Protocetidae_sp._Cross_Whale Protocetus Remingtonocetus Sinonyx Sus_barbatus Synoplotherium Tapirus_terrestris Tragulus_javanicus Tursiops_truncatus ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; [! TreeBASE Matrix URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/matrix/TB2:M4237] TITLE Morphology; LINK TAXA = TaxaForAnalysisStep5087; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=123; FORMAT DATATYPE=Standard SYMBOLS= "0 1 2 3" MISSING=? GAP= -; CHARSTATELABELS 1 Subarcuate_Fossa / present absent, 2 shape_Tegmen_Tympani / uninflated inflated hyperinflated, 3 Anterior_Proc_Petr / absent present, 4 Tensor_Tympani_Fossa / shallow 'circular pit, no groove' 'circular pit, anterior groove' long_groove_between_tegmen_tymp, 5 transpromontorial_sulcusICA / present absent, 6 Stapedial_Groove / present absent, 7 Mastoid_process / exposed_externally not_exposed_posteriorly, 8 Stylomastoid_Foramen / complete incomplete, 9 Facial_Nerve_Sulcus / absent 'ant. wall = squamosal' ant_wall_mas_of_petr 'ant. wall = meat. tube ect', 10 'Pars cochlearis/Basioccpital' / present absent, 11 Ectotympanic_Bulla / ring 'medial edge = bulla', 12 Pachyo_Bulla / absent present, 13 Lat_furrow_Bulla / absent present, 14 Med_furrow_Bulla / absent median_notch_on_posterior_rim prominent_AP_oriented_furrow, 15 Art_Bulla_to_Squamosal / 'contact broad, with medial pgp' cirucular_facet_on_short_entogl contact_with_crest_of_entogleno contact_absent, 16 'ECtoTymp/Exocc contact' / absent present, 17 Sigmoid_Process / absent present, 18 Sigmoid_process_shape / thin_and_transverse_plate broad_and_flaring, 19 Ectotympanic_meatal_floor / absent present_but_short present_and_long, 20 External_Auditory_Meatus_squamo / absent_or_shallow elongate, 21 'Basioccipital crests (falcate p' / absent present, 22 Internal_Carotid_Foramen / absent 'present, paired' falcate_processes, 23 'Post- Glenoid Foramen' / 'present, squam, post to pgp' 'present, med to petsq sut' absent, 24 PRESENCE_For_ram_sup. / present absent, 25 POSITION_for_ram_sup / lateral anterolateral, 26 Posit_For_Ovale / 'ant to gf, pos wall as' 'med to gf, pos wall as' 'medial to gf, post wall pet' pos_to_gf, 27 Alisphenoid_Canal / absent present, 28 Ant_Open_Alar_Canal / within_sphenoorbital_fissure posterior_to_sphenoorbital_fiss, 29 Post_Open_Alar_Canal / well_sep_from_fo within_deep_groove, 30 Foramen_Rotundum / absent present, 31 Mastoid_Foramen / present absent, 32 Posttemporal_canal / present absent, 33 Preglenoid_process / absent present, 34 Supraorbital_process / absent present, 35 posorbital_bar / absent 'present, almost complete' 'present, complete', 36 'Contact Front/Max' / absent present, 37 Lacrimal_Tubercle / absent present, 38 palatine_fissure / small large, 39 Post_margin_nares / anterior_over_canines between_P1_and_P2 posterior_to_P2, 40 Mandibular_Foramen / small large, 41 condyle / below_level_of_dentition even_with_superior_aspect_of_de substantially_higher_than_denti, 42 Dentary_angle / level_with_ventral_edge below_ventral_edge, 43 'Upp Inc 1-2' / present I1_and_I2_absent, 44 Incisor_Alignment / transverse_arc 'longitudinal, long prema', 45 Embrasure_pits / absent present, 46 P1_presence / absent 'present one-rooted' 'present two-rooted', 47 P3_roots / three two, 48 P4_protocone / present absent, 49 P4_paracone_height / equal_to_paracone_M1 greater_than_twice_M1_paracone, 50 P4_metacone / absent present, 51 stylar_shelf / present absent, 52 M2_metacone / subequal_to_paracone half_paracone highly_reduced, 53 M1_parastyle / absent weak strong, 54 ling_cing_M2 / present absent, 55 Ectocingula / present absent, 56 Hypocone_M1M2 / absent present, 57 Trigon_basin / broad somewhat_narrow very_narrow, 58 'Paraconule M2/' / absent present, 59 'Metaconule M2/' / absent present, 60 M3 / 'present, larger than M2' 'present, approx. equal M2' reduced absent, 61 lower_canines / absent present, 62 lower_incisors / small_and_vertical tusklike, 63 lower_Canine_shape / oval triangular, 64 p1 / present absent, 65 p3_metaconid / absent present, 66 p4_metaconid / absent present, 67 lin_cing_molars / absent 'continuous, mesial-distal', 68 m1_parac / present absent, 69 'm1 parac/crist posit' / cusp_or_crest_lingual 'cusp or crest ant.betw pr-pa', 70 m2_parac / present absent, 71 'm2 parac/crist pos' / cusp_or_crest_lingual 'cusp or crest ant.betw pr-pa', 72 m3_parac / present absent, 73 'm3 parac/cris posit' / cusp_or_crest_lingual 'cusp or crest ant.betw pr-pa', 74 m1_metaconid / present absent, 75 m2_metaconid / present absent, 76 m3_metaconid / present absent, 77 m1_m2_hypoconulid / absent present, 78 molar_protoconid / subequal_to_talonid twice_height_of_talonid, 79 protoloph / absent present, 80 metaloph / absent present, 81 ant_low_lophs / absent present, 82 post_low_lophs / absent present, 83 Reen_groove / proximal absent distal, 84 Talonid_basin_molar / 'basin, hy and ent present' reduced, 85 M3_Hypoconulid / long reduced absent, 86 dp4 / resembles_m1 6_cusped, 87 Elongate_shear_facets_on_molars / absent present, 88 Cerv_vert_length / long short very_long, 89 'Art Sacral/Illium' / broad narrow absent, 90 Number_Sacrals / one 'two-three' four 'five-six', 91 Scapular_Spine / 'large acromion, overhangs gleno' small_acromion 'large acromion, does not overha', 92 Entepicondyle / wide narrow, 93 Entepi_foramen / present absent, 94 Olecranon_process / short long, 95 Olec._fossa / shallow deep, 96 Proximal_radius / single_fossa two_fossae three_fossae, 97 Distal_radius / single_fossa split_into_scaphoid_and_lunate convex_to_flat_distinct_facets, 98 Centrale / present absent, 99 Manus / mesaxonic paraxonic, 100 Greater_troch / inferior_to_head_of_femur equal_to_head_of_femur above_head_of_femur, 101 3rd_troch / present highly_reduced absent, 102 Distal_Femur / wide narrow, 103 Astragalar_Canal / present absent, 104 Navicular_Facet / convex 'saddle-shaped' trochleated, 105 Sus_barbatustentacular_facet / narrow wide, 106 Cuboid_facet / absent 'present-small' 'present-large', 107 Lateral_process / present absent, 108 Pes / 'mesaxonic-3' paraxonic 'mesaxonic-4', 109 Proxi_astrag / flat grooved deeply_grooved, 110 'Nav/Cub fusion' / unfused fused, 111 'm3/m4 fusion' / absent present, 112 Metatarsal_1 / unreduced reduced highly_reduced, 113 Metatarsal_2 / unreduced reduced highly_reduced, 114 Metatarsal_5 / unreduced reduced highly_reduced, 115 Unguventral / curved_inferiorly straight, 116 Ungdorsal / transversely_compressed 'broad, symmetrical' 'broad, asymmetrical', 117 Stomach_epithelium / nonglandular composite discoglandular glandular, 118 Lumen / unilocular plurilocular, 119 Lumen_diverticulation / absent present, 120 Penile_Cavernous_Tissue / abundant sparse, 121 Hair / abundant absent_or_sparse, 122 sebac_glands / present absent, 123 Primary_Bronchi / two three, ; MATRIX [ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 ] [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] Agriochoerus 000?0000111001011021000??10??001000?100010000{02}00011020{01}10000??01010000000000000000100100??1010121??02112111120020010??????? Ambulocetus ?11???????111{01}1?1?0?0?{12}???0??0???0?????1?0?11??1101?01102001?????01??1111?11010000012?1?02???1?010?1010????11?0?0011??????? Andrewsarchus ???????????????????10?{12}???1?0???10????0???000100?01{01}00001000???0????????????????00?00?????????????????????????????????????? Ankalagon ????????????????????????????????????????0?????000111210020020000000010101100?10000212?0????10?11?????0?1?10?00????11??????? Archaeotherium 100101103?1000011?210?21?00??01100200000010001101010{01}01101110000000000000000100000100100011111121?100112121120022210??????? Arctocyon 00000000?0?????????00?00010??1001000100?1000010000100001000200?00000000000000000001000000?00000000?00000010?00000?01??????? Balaenoptera_edeni 121311112111103011011121?00??01101?00?20?0??????????????????00????????????????0000?????1?02110?01??????????????222???1?1111 Basilosaurus 121311112111122011001?11?00???110110?011100112111012??10200300000001?1?1?111010000012?11202111001012???????2?{01}0220????????? Camelus_dromedarius 000111002110010111100001?00??00101110000201?0000011001110001000001000000000000000000010203111012211021121211201222112111001 Diacodexis 0??1000?3010?0??10{01}00000010??00100?10?0??0000100001000000111000000000000000000000010010001?1101211?{12}1112121120020010??????? Dissacus 0101000????????????1??20101?1??01???????00??010001112{01}0020{01}20000000010101000010000212?0????00?111????101?10?00????11??????? Dorudon 12131111211112{23}011001?11?00??01001100011100111111012?110200300000001?1?1?111010000012?1120211100111???????????????????????? Elomeryx 110111103010000110210011?00??001011010002100021000101011011000001100000000001000001001000?111112111??1?2?11120010012??????? Eoconodon ???1110?{03}1?????????1000??0101??0000?1?00000?01000010000111120000000000000000010000100?0????00?01??????1?010?1?????????????? Equus_caballus 010011000110?20010200011?3100????02?1?00200001?00110?1110??1100011010101000010111110000003111112210201110000200222111000000 Hapalodectes ??00000?{03}0?????????0010??110011010?1000??0001100?11?2111200{01}??00?00010101000010000012?0?????0?0???????????????????????????? Harpagolestes ??????001?1000011?210?2??11?1??010??100????0{01}11001122110200300?1??0010101?1??10000212?0????10111????0?0101??1?????????????? Hexaprotodon_liberiensis 11????1031100031??210{01}11?2???0??0001000011000100001000010001011011000000000010000020010003111112111121121211100?0012111?1?? Hippopotamus_amphibius 110?111031100031102100{01}1?30??0??01110000110001100010100100010111000000000000100000{02}001000311111111121112121120020012111?11? Hyopsodus 0101000?{03}0?????????00?00?110?000000?1000?00001000010000101110000110000000000100000100000020000111?000?00100000?0?010??????? Hyracotherium ?10111??{03}1??????0??10?01?1110110010010002000020001101001011110001101010100001011111000000311101111020111000020020211??????? Meniscotherium 0100000?{03}??????????00?0??1110110010?100?200001000?10{01}11101110000010101010000000111100000020001111?020100000000010111??????? Mesonyx 1101000?1110000?1?210020101011?010????0??0?001{01}0001121102003??0000001010111?0100002120000111011110110101010110020011??????? Ovis_aries 1001010?2110013010200001?10??00101101100201?000000102111000110011100000000000000001001000211101211?121121211211222121111001 Pachyaena ??????0?????????1?210?????????101???1?00000001{01}0011{01}21002012000000001010111101000021200001010111101{12}0{01}010101100{12}0011??????? Pakicetus 01?2{01}1102011011110110?11?00??1??00?????010???2?1101200002001???{01}0011010??11?01000001201???????????????????????????????????? Phenacodus ??00110?{03}01?????0?000?01?11100100000100020000100011000{01}101110000110101010000100000101000?2?0001111020100{01}00010010111??????? Poebrotherium 00011100?01002011?100?0??00??001011100002000021000102111000100000100000000000000000001020111101211112112111120022210??????? Protocetidae_sp._Cross_Whale 1112111?21111211???11111?0???0???1???00110011{12}??????????????????001?????????0?????012??1??????????????????????????????????? Protocetus ??1211102111121110011?11?00?????01????1?????110110111?102001?????????1?1?????10000?1??1110????????????????????????????????? Remingtonocetus ?112111?1111111111011?{12}1?00??0??00???00????11??1??1????????0????????????????0?0000?1??1002?????????2?0????????????????????? Sinonyx ???10?00101000001?210?2???1?11?010?01000?00001000011210020020000000010101101010000212?0???????????????????????????????????? Sus_barbatus 000111100110020010210021?20??0110000100020000210011010110111001101000000000010000010010002111112111121121211200200120001001 Synoplotherium ??????0???1?00??1?210?{12}??0101100100?100??0000??0??11211020020000?000101011??010000212?00?1010111101101010101?0020011??????? Tapirus_terrestris ??0111?1300?????0??00?01?1110??0010?1?00200001000110200101100001110101010000101111100000???1101111020111010020020211??????? Tragulus_javanicus 0?01000031100{12}011?100001?00??00000100100201?00100{01}1001110001100100000000000000000010010002111012111{12}211211112112121{02}111?00? Tursiops_truncatus 121311110111123011001121??0??01101?00?21????0???????????????00????????????????0000?????1?02110?01??????????????222??1111111 ; END; BEGIN SETS; CHARSET softtissue (CHARACTERS = Morphology) = 117-123; CHARSET osteology (CHARACTERS = Morphology) = 1-116; END; BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS; WTSET NONSEQUENCE = 2: 1-123 ; WTSET * NONSEQUENCE = 2: 1-123 ; END; [ The following blocks are output data for analysis step 5087 ] BEGIN TREES; TITLE Tb10495; LINK TAXA = TaxaForAnalysisStep5087; TREE Fig._3 = [&R] ((Hyopsodus,(Phenacodus,(Meniscotherium,(Equus_caballus,Tapirus_terrestris,Hyracotherium)))),((Diacodexis,Agriochoerus,(Camelus_dromedarius,Tragulus_javanicus,Ovis_aries,Poebrotherium),(Sus_barbatus,Archaeotherium,Elomeryx,(Hexaprotodon_liberiensis,Hippopotamus_amphibius))),(Arctocyon,(Eoconodon,(Andrewsarchus,((Pakicetus,(Ambulocetus,(Remingtonocetus,(Protocetidae_sp._Cross_Whale,(Protocetus,(Dorudon,(Basilosaurus,(Balaenoptera_edeni,Tursiops_truncatus)))))))),(Hapalodectes,(Dissacus,Ankalagon,(Sinonyx,(Pachyaena,(Synoplotherium,(Mesonyx,Harpagolestes)))))))))))); [! TreeBASE tree URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/tree/TB2:Tr6216] END;