@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23730, author = {Jian Zhang and Min Chen and Xiaoyu Dong and Ruozhu Lin and Jianhua Fan and Zhiduan Chen}, title = {Evaluation of four putative DNA barcoding loci for Chinese medicinal plants of the family Schisandraceae}, year = {2014}, keywords = {DNA barcoding, Schisandraceae, ITS, trnH-psbA, matK, rbcL}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Many species of Schisandraceae are used in traditional Chinese medicine and are faced with contamination and substitution risks due to inaccurate identification. Here, we investigated the discriminatory power of four putative DNA barcoding loci (ITS, trnH-psbA, matK, and rbcL) and corresponding multi-locus combinations for 135 individuals from 33 species of Schisandraceae, using distance-, tree-, similarity-, and character-based methods. Our results showed that the plastid trnH-psbA intergenic spacer and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region possess higher species resolving power than the other two chloroplast genes, matK and rbcL. The degree of species resolution greatly increased with multi-locus combinations, especially ITS+matK and ITS+trnH-psbA+matK. We propose the combination of ITS and matK as the most ideal barcode for discriminating the medicinal plants of Schisandraceae. The individuals of closely related species Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra grandiflora always intertwined with each other on phylogenetic trees, which indicated that the species boundary between these two species is indistinct. Furthermore, the samples of these two species from the southern Hengduan Mountains region formed a distinct cluster that was separated from the samples of other sampling regions, implying the presence of cryptic diversity. The feasibility of DNA barcodes for identification of geographical authenticity was also verified here. The database and paradigm that we provided in this study could be used as reference for the authentication of traditional Chinese medicinal plants utilizing DNA barcoding.} }

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