TreeBASE Search-Matrices for study 11152

@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19435, author = {Thomas J. Givnish and Michael H. J. Barfuss and Benjamin W. van Ee and Ricarda Riina and Katharina Schulte and Ralf Horres and Philip A. Gonsiska and Rachel S. Jabaily and Darren M. Crayn and J. Andrew C. Smith and Klaus Winter and Gregory K. Brown and Timothy M. Evans and Bruce K. Hulst and Harry Luther and Walter Till and Georg Zizka and Paul E. Berry and Kenneth Jay Sytsma}, title = {Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: insights from an 8-locus plastid phylogeny}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Andes: bromeliads; epiphytes; Guayana Shield; historical biogeography; Neotropics; Poales; Serra do Mar; tank formation }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Premise: Bromeliaceae is a large, ecologically diverse family of angio?sperms native to the New World. We use a bromeliad phylogeny based on eight plastid regions to analyze relationships within the family, test a new, eight-subfamily classification, infer the chronology of bromeliad evolution and invasion of different regions, and provide the basis for future analyses of trait evolution and rates of diversification. Methods: We used maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian approaches to analyze 9341 aligned bases for four outgroups and 90 bromeliad species representing 46 of 58 described genera. We calibrated the resulting phylogeny against time using penalized likelihood applied to a monocot-wide tree based on plastid ndhF sequences, and used it to analyze patterns of geographic spread using parsimony, Bayesian inference, and S-DIVA. Results: Bromeliad subfamilies are related to each in ladder-like fashion: (Brocchinioideae, (Lindmanioideae, (Tillandsioideae, (Hechtioideae, (Navioideae, (Pitcairnioideae, (Puyoideae, Bromelioideae)))))))). Bromeliads arose in the Guayana Shield 100 Mya, spread centrifugally in the New World beginning 16-13 Mya, and dispersed to West Africa 9.3 Mya. Modern lineages began to diverge from each other 19 Mya. Conclusions: Nearly two-thirds of extant bromeliads belong to two large radiations: the higher tillandsioids, originating in the Andes 14.2 Mya, and the higher bromelioids, originating in the Serro do Mar and adjacent regions 9.1 Mya. } }