@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref28442, author = {Claudia Riccioni and Andrea Rubini and Aziz Turkoglu and Beatrice Belfiori and Francesco Paolocci}, title = {Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms reveal genetic structure and a phylogeographic pattern in the Burgundy truffle Tuber aestivum Vittad. }, year = {2018}, keywords = {truffle Tuber aestivum}, doi = {10.1080/00275514.2018.1543508}, url = {http://https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.2018.1543508}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {111}, number = {1}, pages = {26--39}, abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes belonging to the genus Tuber produce edible fruiting bodies known as truffles. Tuber aestivum is a fungus appreciated all over the world and has a natural distribution all over Europe. Most of the molecular studies on this species aimed to solve the question whether or not T. aestivum and the morphologically similar T. uncinatum are conspecific. Conversely, a very few studies assessed the level and distribution of genetic diversity and the occurrence of phylogeographic patterns in this species. Here, we analyzed the T. aestivum genetic diversity along a wide geographic range, performing for the first time an extensive sampling of specimens from Turkey. We compared the ITS profiles of 45 samples collected in different Turkish areas with those of 144 samples from all over Europe. We identified 66 haplotypes, 35 of which exclusively present in Turkey. The majority of these haplotyes were also population-specific. Haplotype network analysis and statistical tests disclosed the presence of genetic structure and a phylogeographic pattern, with three spatially distinct genetic clusters (North-Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and Turkey) and with Turkey representing a diversity hotspot. Based on these results, we hypothesize the presence of glacial refugia for T. aestivum in Turkey, whereas European populations likely experienced a population bottleneck. The possible occurrence of cryptic species among Turkish T. aestivum samples also emerged. Our results are of practical relevance for the marketing of T. aestivum truffles and mycorrhizal seedlings and the preservation of the biodiversity of this species.} }

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