@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20660, author = {Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras and Diego Mauricio Riano-Pachon and Begona Benito Casado and Rosario Haro Hidalgo and Kamil Sklodowski and Alonso Rodríguez Navarro and Ingo Dreyer}, title = {Phylogenetic Analysis of K+ Transporters in Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Flowering Plants Indicates a Specialization of Vascular Plants}, year = {2012}, keywords = {potassium, transport, channel, voltage-dependent, voltage-independent, high-affinity, Selaginella}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2012.00167}, url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/Plant_Evolution_and_Development/10.3389/fpls.2012.00167/abstract}, pmid = {22876252}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {167}, abstract = {As heritage from early evolution, potassium (K+) is absolutely necessary for all living cells. It plays significant roles as stabilizer in metabolism and is important for enzyme activation, stabilization of protein synthesis and neutralization of negative charges on proteins. Land plants even enlarged this spectrum of K+ utilization after having gone ashore, despite the fact that K+ is far less available in their new oligotrophic habitats than in sea water. Inevitably, plant cells had to improve and to develop unique transport systems for K+ accumulation and distribution. In the past two decades a manifold of K+ transporters from flowering plants has been identified at the molecular level. The recently published genome of the fern ally Selaginella moellendorffii now helps in providing a better understanding on the molecular changes involved in the colonization of land and the development of the vasculature and the seeds. In this article we present an inventory of K+ transporters of this lycophyte. We focus especially on transporters of the HAK and HKT type and on K+ channels, and pigeonhole them together with their relatives from the moss Physcomitrella patens, the monocytolydon Oryza sativa, the herbaceous plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and the tree Populus trichocarpa. Interestingly, the appearance of K+ release (Kout) channels in Selaginella that were shown in Arabidopsis to be involved in xylem loading and guard cell closure indicates an evolutionary step towards the specialization of vascular plants.} }

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