@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25855, author = {Martina Reblova and Vit Hubka and Olle Thureborn and Johannes Lundberg and Therese Sallstedt and Mats Wedin and Magnus Ivarsson}, title = {From the tunnels into the treetops: new lineages of black yeasts from biofilm in the Stockholm metro system and their relatives among ant-associated fungi (Chaetothyriales)}, year = {2016}, keywords = {cave mycobiota, Eurotiomycetes, endoconidia, granite, fungal biofilm, meristematic growth, multigene analysis, rock-inhabiting fungi, secondary structures, speleothems, Trichomeriaceae, urban environment}, doi = {10.1371/journal. pone.0163396}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {PloS ONE}, volume = {10}, number = {11}, pages = {e0163396}, abstract = {Isolation of fungi from speleothem forming biofilm covering bare granite walls in the Kungstr?dg?rden metro station in Stockholm yielded axenic cultures of two distinct black yeast morphotypes. They are characterized by slow-growing melanised colonies, vegetative moniliform hyphae growing through enteroblastic proliferation and a tendency of shifting to meristematic development. Two multigene analyses of the combined ITS, nuc18S, nuc28S, rpb1, rpb2 and β-tubulin sequences support their placement in the Chaetothyriales. They are described as a new genus Bacillicladium with the type species B. lobatum, and a new species Bradymyces graniticola. Sequencing of DNA obtained from the biofilm environmental samples resulted in the identification of B. graniticola. Bacillicladium is distantly related to the known five chaetothyrialean families and is unique in the Chaetothyriales by variable morphology showing hyphal, meristematic and yeast-like growth in vitro. The cells of the aerial hyphae possess one to numerous cell wall reinforcements. The closest siblings of Bacillicladium recruited among fungi isolated from cardboard-like construction material produced by arboricolous non-attine ants. However, their sister relationship is weakly supported by Maximum likelihood analysis, but strongly supported by Bayesian inference. The genus Bradymyces is placed amidst members of the Trichomeriaceae and is ecologically undefined; it includes an opportunistic animal pathogen while two other species inhabit rock surfaces. 19 ITS rDNA sequences of three species accepted in Bradymyces and other undescribed isolates and environmental samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and in-depth comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structures in order to study their intraspecific variability. The family Strelitzianaceae is regarded as a synonym of the Trichomeriaceae; type species of its two only members Neophaeococcomyces and Strelitziana were shown distantly related and fitting in the multigeneric family Trichomeriaceae based on molecular data. The role of fungi in the speleothem forming biofilm and relationships of Bacillicladium and Bradymyces with other members of the Chaetothyriales are discussed.} }

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