@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref16710, author = {Philip Mark Moline and Mike Thiv and Gabriel K Ameka and J. P. Ghogue and Evelin Pfeifer and Rolf Rutishauser}, title = {Phylogeny and character evolution in the African clade of Podostemaceae}, year = {2006}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The African taxa of Podostemaceae are relatively poorly known. New matK sequence data for eight African Podostemaceae species of the genera <i>Dicraeanthus</i>, <i>Djinga</i> and <i>Ledermanniella</i> are combined with sequences representing all major groups in the family to test the placement of the African taxa in the family. All podostemoids studied from continental Africa form a clade that is sister to the Madagascan genera <i>Endocaulos</i> and <i>Thelethylax</i>. The sister of this African-Madagascan lineage is the American genus <i>Podostemum</i> and all Asian podostemoids. Important morphological transformations involving the African clade include the following: (1) A shift from erect to inverted flowers in the spathella is synapomorphic for the African podostemoids, although there is a reversal in <i>Djinga</i>. (2) Unilocular ovaries arising via septum loss may be synapomorphic for the African clade. (3) Crustose (i.e. foliose, disk-like) roots or very broad ribbons covering the rocky substrate like a carpet are derived characters of an African subclade consisting of <i>Dicraeanthus</i>, <i>Djinga</i> and certain members of <i>Ledermanniella</i>. (4) In several species such as <i>Dicraeanthus africanus</i> and <i>Ledermanniella letouzeyi</i> flowers arise endogenously along the stems and in <i>L. letouzeyi</i> even along the leaves, a character that has never been observed in any of the Asian or South American taxa.} }

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