@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25121, author = {Michael David Pirie and E.G.H. Oliver and Ana Mugrabi de Kuppler and Berit Gehrke and Nicholas Le Maitre and Martha Kandziora and Dirk Bellstedt}, title = {The biodiversity hotspot as evolutionary hot-bed: spectacular radiation of Erica in the Cape Floristic Region}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Biodiversity; Cape Floristic Region; Diversification; Erica; Evolution}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-016-0764-3}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0764-3}, pmid = {}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {16}, number = {190}, pages = {}, abstract = {Background: The disproportionate species richness of the world?s biodiversity hotspots could be explained by low extinction (the evolutionary ?museum?) and/or high speciation (the ?hot-bed?) models. We test these models using the largest of the species rich plant groups that characterise the botanically diverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR): the genus Erica L. We generate a novel phylogenetic hypothesis informed by nuclear and plastid DNA sequences of c. 60% of the c. 800 Erica species (of which 690 are endemic to the CFR), and use this to estimate clade ages (using RELTIME; BEAST), net diversification rates (GEIGER), and shifts in rates of diversification in different areas (BAMM; MuSSE). Results: The diversity of Erica species in the CFR is the result of a single radiation within the last c. 15 million years. Compared to ancestral lineages in the Palearctic, the rate of speciation accelerated across Africa and Madagascar, with a further burst of speciation within the CFR that also exceeds the net diversification rates of other Cape clades. Conclusions: Erica exemplifies the ?hotbed? model of assemblage through recent speciation, implying that with the advent of the modern Cape a multitude of new niches opened and were successively occupied through local species diversification.} }

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