@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25594, author = {Yanan Cao and yingxiong qiu and Hans Peter Comes and Shota Sakaguchi and Luyao Chen}, title = {Evolution of East Asia?s Arcto-Tertiary relict Euptelea (Eupteleaceae) shaped by Late Neogene vicariance and Quaternary climate change}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Arcto-Tertiary flora, East Asia, ecological niche modelling, Euptelea, molecular dating, niche identity tests, phylogeographical inference}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Aim The evolutionary origin and historical demography of extant Arcto-Tertiary forest species in East Asia has been widely debated. Here, we aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary and population demographic history of two extant Euptelea species in China (E. pleiosperma) and Japan (E. polyandra). Location East Asia (subtropical China and South Japan) Methods Chloroplast/nuclear DNA sequences and microsatellite loci were obtained from 36 Euptelea populations to explore molecular structure and diversity in relation to past and present distributions based on ecological niche modelling (ENM). Time-calibrated phylogenetic/phylogeographic inferences and niche-identity?tests were used to infer the historical process of lineage formation. Results The two species of Euptelea originated during the Late Miocene and experienced significant ecological differentiation. A near-simultaneous diversification of six phylogroups occurred during the mid-to-late Pliocene, in response to an increasingly cooler and drier climate. By contrast, the haplotype diversity and structure of each Euptelea species are most likely shaped by the climatic cycles of the (Late) Quaternary. Populations of E. pleiosperma seem to have been mostly stationary through the last glacial cycles, while those of E. polyandra reflect more recent climate-induced cycles of range contraction and expansion. Main conclusions Our results illustrate how Late Neogene climatic changes promoted speciation and lineage diversification in East Asia?s Tertiary relict flora. They also demonstrate for the first time a greater variation in such species? responses to glacial cycles in Japan when compared to congeners in China.} }

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