@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref28764, author = {Andrew Leumas Loyd and Eric R Linder and Jason A. Smith and Matthew E Smith and Robert A Blanchette}, title = {Cultural Characterization and Resiliency to Extreme Temperatures of the Ganodermataceae Present in the Eastern United States}, year = {2018}, keywords = {chlamydospores; Ganodermataceae; polypores; survival}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The cultural characteristics of fungi can provide useful information for studying the biology and ecology of a group of closely related species, and are often overlooked features for the order Polyporales. In addition, optimal temperature and growth rate data can also be useful in strain selection for cultivated fungi such as reishi (i.e. laccate Ganoderma species). Ganoderma species are primary wood decay fungi that cause white rot on a variety of different substrates. Some species such as G. zonatum are associated with palm decay on living palms, and can cause strength loss of the lower trunk that often results with tree failures. However, other species in the G. lucidum species complex are only associated with declining or dead trees. Historically, the taxonomy of the laccate (shiny) Ganoderma species has been unresolved and many species have been placed under the taxon label of G. lucidum. The cultural characteristics of Ganoderma species from the United States are needed to understand the biology of the Ganoderma species that have been lumped under this name. Culture morphology, average growth rate, optimal temperatures, and resiliency to extreme temperatures were characterized for isolates of Ganodermataceae taxa collected in the eastern U.S., including: Ganoderma curtisii, G. martinicense, G. meredithiae, G. ravenelii, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum, G. cf. weberianum, G. zonatum, and Tomophagus colossus. Isolates of G. curtisii, G. meredithiae, G. ravenelii, G. sessile, G. tuberculosum, G. cf. weberianum and G. zonatum had optimal temperatures ranging from 25-30 C, while G. martinicense (30-35 C), G. tsugae (20-25 C) and T. colossus (35-40 C) had different optimal temperatures. There were differences in linear growth rates between the taxa at each respective optimal temperature, where isolates of G. sessile and T. colossus grew the fastest and isolates of G. meredithiae, G. ravenelii, and G. tsugae grew the slowest. Isolates of G. sessile, G. martinicense, G. cf. weberianum and T. colossus constitutively produced chlamydospores on MEA, and these species were the only species to survive long term exposure (30 or 40 days) to 40 C. All isolates of every species survived freezing temperatures, but there were differences in resiliency. Isolates of G. sessile, G. tsugae and G. cf. weberianum were the most resilient where the colony growth area (cm2) was least effected over time. We hypothesize that chlamydospores function as survival structures serving as propagules that are resilient to adverse temperature conditions, especially heat. Cultural characteristics of G. martinicense, G. ravenelii, G. tuberculosum, and G. cf. weberianum collected from the U.S. are described for the first time.} }

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