@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18695, author = {Kevin M. Pitz and Petra Sierwald}, title = {Phylogeny of the millipede order Spirobolida (Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha)}, year = {2010}, keywords = {}, doi = {10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00303.x}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {1--29}, abstract = {This study examines relationships within the millipede order Spirobolida using an exemplar approach, sampling within families to maximize geographic and morphological diversity; due to lack of available material, Allopocockiidae and Hoffmanobolidae were not included in analyses. The focus of this study was to test monophyly of the order, the sub-orders, and the families of Spirobolida and to propose interfamilial relationships using morphological and molecular data in a total evidence approach. Both maximum parsimony analyses and Bayesian inference were employed to analyze two datasets consisting of combined morphological and molecular data, one aligned using progressive alignment methods and the second alignment guided by secondary structure models. Rhinocricidae was recovered sister to all remaining spirobolidan millipedes and is elevated to suborder status as suborder Rhinocricidea. Trigoniulidea was recovered monophyletic as was Spirobolidea excluding Rhinocricidae; Spirobolidea is redefined to reflect this change. All previously recognized families were recovered, with the exception of Spirobolidae; in all instances, this family was paraphyletic or part of a polytomy that lacked enough resolution to assess its monophyly. Our results reaffirm much of the existing taxonomic foundation within Spirobolida. This study provides the first phylogenetic test of higher-level relationships within Spirobolida and will serve as a foundation for future work in this group at finer levels.} }

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