@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18713, author = {Martyn Kennedy and Carlos A. Valle and Hamish G. Spencer}, title = {The phylogenetic position of the Gal?pagos Cormorant.}, year = {2009}, keywords = {Gal?pagos Cormorant; Flightless Cormorant; Phalacrocorax; P. harrisi; Compsohalieus; Leucocarbo; Phylogeny}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.002}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {94--98}, abstract = {The endangered Gal?pagos Cormorant, Phalacrocorax harrisi, is unique among the species of the Phalacrocoracidae in being flightless and sequentially polyandrous. It has had a vexed taxonomic history, variously being lumped with all the species in Phalacrocorax, being accorded its own genus, Nannopterum, or being included in Leucocarbo or Compsohalieus. Different authorities have similarly suggested a number of different species as being its closest relative. Here we use novel mitochondrial DNA sequence data to show that the Gal?pagos Cormorant is related to the sister pair of the mainland Americas, the Doublecrested Cormorant, P. auritus, and the Neotropic Cormorant, P. brasilianus. This trio of species has high statistical support (Bayesian posterior probability of 1.00; NJ bootstrap 98%; MP bootstrap 91%). The Gal?pagos Cormorant is thus a relatively recent offshoot of the mainland form, which has subsequently evolved flightlessness. Until the phylogeny of the cormorants is more clearly resolved, we recommend the continued use of Phalacrocorax for all species. } }

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