@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref16702, author = {Anthony David Mitchell and Jun Wen}, title = {Phylogeny and Biogeography of Brassaiopsis (Araliaceae), based on phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS and 5S-NTS) DNA sequences.}, year = {2004}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The phylogeny of Brassaiopsis (Araliaceae), a morphologically diverse and widely distributed genus in Asia (from Malesia through Indochina into China and the Himalayan region), was estimated based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and 5S nontranscribed spacer (5S-NTS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Two main paralogous copies of 5S-NTS were found for Brassaiopsis but both were not recovered for all species. All but one species of Brassaiopsis was represented by 5S-NTS (copy 1). Separate parsimony analyses of ITS and 5S-NTS (copy 1) generated mainly congruent topologies, but several non-monophyletic sequences in the 5S-NTS tree precluded data combination. A sister relationship of Brassaiopsis with Trevesia was strongly inferred, as was the monophyly of Brassaiopsis. The divergence of Brassaiopsis from Trevesia was estimated using a likelihood method to have occurred ca. 20 million years ago (MYA) during a period of mountain building and climatic change in SE Asia. Resolution of relationships was poor among monophyletic groups within Brassaiopsis and the divergence among species was inferred to have occurred relatively recently at ca. 8 MYA. However, several clades within the genus were circumscribed based on ITS and 5S-NTS analyses, i.e., 1) B. aculeata, B. glomerulata, and B. hainla; 2) B. grushvitzkyi, B. moumingensis, B. phanrangensis, and B. stellata; 3) B. ciliata and B. hispida; 4) B. fatsioides and B. palmipes; and 5) B. gracilis and B. tripteris. Brassaiopsis producta was clearly isolated in both analyses. Morphological characters previously considered important for defining species and subgeneric groups were shown to have had multiple origins (e.g., leaf architecture and locular number in the ovary). The Brassaiopsis phylogeny supports strong biogeographic connections of South China and Indochina, South China and southwestern China, and southwestern China and the eastern Himalayas.} }

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