@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref22153, author = {Amanda E. Fisher and Lynn Clark and Scot A. Kelchner}, title = {Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera}, year = {2013}, keywords = {Chusquea, Chusqueinae, neotropical bamboo, chloroplast phylogeny}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Chusquea is the most diverse genus of American woody bamboos (168 species), accounting for almost half of the woody bamboo species diversity in the neotropics. Previous analyses of molecular data have recovered four major lineages within Chusquea: Neurolepis I, Neurolepis II, subgenus Rettbergia, and the Euchusquea clade. Molecular characters support the monophyly of each lineage, but morphological synapomorphies have been identified only for subgenus Rettbergia. This study estimates a chloroplast phylogeny of Chusquea with a focus on relationships within the large and intractable Euchusquea clade. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on 40% of the described species in Chusquea, with data from five chloroplast regions (ndhF gene, rpl16 and ndhA introns, trnD-trnT and trnT-trnL intergenic spacers), and a preliminary survey of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer complex (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2). Several results from previous studies were corroborated, including the presence of two clades formerly comprising the genus Neurolepis and monophyly of subgenus Rettbergia. Early branching in the topology lead to two lineages named here as Chusquea subgenus Platonia and Chusquea subgenus Magnifoliae, based on molecular support and identification of potential morphological synapomorphies. The phylogeny estimation suggests polyphyly of subgenus Swallenochloa and subgenus Chusquea within the Euchusquea clade, but these results may be an artifact of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. Within the Euchusquea clade, we recovered two strongly supported and five weakly supported clades, but relationships among these lineages were not resolved and species composition of the clades conflicts strongly with current taxonomic groupings based on morphology. Low resolution of the chloroplast phylogeny estimation, low variability in nuclear data for the Euchusquea clade, character conflict in the data, and geographical distribution of chloroplast lineages all suggest a probable recent radiation of the Euchusquea clade. Given the present weak molecular support for relationships within the Euchusquea clade and the lack of synapomorphic morphological characters to define clades, we recommend the use of the current morphology-based taxonomy as a practical means of assessing and describing diversity in the Euchusquea clade. } }

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