@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref28232, author = {Andrew L. Loyd and Benjamin W Held and Charles Wesley Barnes and Matthew J Schink and Matthew E. Smith and Jason A. Smith and Robert A Blanchette}, title = {Elucidating ?lucidum?: distinguishing the many faces of the Laccate Ganoderma Species of the United States}, year = {2018}, keywords = {Ganoderma lucidum; systematics; taxonomy}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Ganoderma is a large and diverse, globally-distributed genus of basidiomycete wood decay fungi that includes species that cause white rot on a variety of tree species. For the past century, many studies of Ganoderma in North America have used the name G. lucidum sensu lato for any laccate (shiny or varnished) Ganoderma species growing on hardwood trees. Molecular studies have established that G. lucidum sensu stricto (Curtis) Karst is native to Europe and some parts of China. To determine the species of the laccate Ganoderma that are present in the United States, we studied over 500 collections from recent collections and herbarium specimens. A multilocus phylogeny using ITS, tef1-alpha, rpb1 and rpb2 revealed three well-supported clades, similar to previous results. From the U.S. collections, thirteen taxa representing twelve species were identified, including: G. curtisii, G. martinicense, G. oregonense, G. polychromum, G. ravenelii, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum, G. c.f. weberianum, G. zonatum, and Tomophagus colossus (syn. G. colossus). The species G. meredithiae is synonymized with G. curtisii, and considered a physiological variant that specializes in decay of pines. The designation G. curtisii f.sp. meredithiae f.sp. nov. is presented. Species such as G. curtisii and G. sessile, once lumped as G. lucidum sensu lato, were found to be divergent from one another, and highly divergent from G. lucidum sensu stricto. Morphological characteristics such as context tissue color and features (e.g. melanoid bands), basidiospore shape and size, geographic location, and host preference were found to be diagnostic features important for species identification. Surprisingly, Ganoderma lucidum sesnu stricto was found to be present in the U.S., but only in geographically restricted areas in northern Utah and California. We suspect that this was due to two independent introductions through the medicinal fungi or nursery industries. Overall, this study helps clarify the chaotic taxonomy of the laccate Ganoderma in the United States, which should help to remove ambiguities from studies focusing on the functional differences between the North American species of the laccate Ganoderma. } }

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