@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18448, author = {Torsten Dikow}, title = {A phylogenetic hypothesis for Asilidae based on a total evidence analysis of morphological and DNA sequence data (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea)}, year = {2009}, keywords = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ode.2009.02.004}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Organisms Diversity & Evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {165--188}, abstract = {A phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships of Asilidae is presented by combining morphological and DNA-sequence data in a total evidence framework. The present hypothesis is based on 77 robber-fly species, 11 Asiloidea outgroup species, 211 morphological characters of the adult fly, and approximately 7300 bp of nuclear DNA from five genes (18S and 28S rDNA; AATS, CAD, and EF-1α protein-encoding DNA). The equally weighted, simultaneous parsimony analysis under dynamic homology in POY resulted in a single most parsimonious cladogram with a cost of 27582 (iterative pass optimization, 27703 under regular direct optimization). Six of the 12 included subfamily taxa are recovered as monophyletic. The Trigonomiminae, which has always been considered to be monophyletic based on morphology, is shown to be non-monophyletic. Two of the three Trigonomiminae genera, Holcocephala Jaennicke, 1867 and Rhipidocephala Hermann, 1926, group unexpectedly as the sister taxon to all other Asilidae. The Laphriinae, which had been previously supported in that position, is the sister group of the remaining Asilidae. Five additional subfamily taxa, i.e., Brachyrhopalinae, Dasypogoninae, Stenopogoninae, Tillobromatinae, and Willistonininae, are also shown to be non-monophyletic. The phylogenetic relationships among the higher-level taxa are partly at odds with findings of a recently published morphological study based on a more extensive taxon sampling. The total evidence hypothesis is considered to be the most informative cladistic hypothesis, but the topologies from the total evidence analysis, the morphology only analysis, and the molecular only analysis are compared and contrasted in order to discuss the signal that morphological and molecular data provide and to analyse whether the molecular data outcompete the fewer morphological characters. A clade composed of Apioceridae plus Mydidae is corroborated as the sister taxon to Asilidae.} }

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