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Citation for Study 23894

Citation title: " Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae".

Study name: " Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae".

This study is part of submission 23894 (Status: Published).

Citation

Yamashita S., & Nozaki H. 2019. Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 19(1): 120.

Authors

• Yamashita S.
• Nozaki H.

Abstract

Background Volvocine algae provide a suitable model for investigation of the evolution of multicellular organisms. Within this group, evolution of the body plan from flattened to spheroidal colonies is thought to have occurred independently in two different lineages, Volvocaceae and Astrephomene. Volvocacean species undergo inversion to form a spheroidal cell layer following successive cell divisions during embryogenesis. During inversion, the daughter protoplasts change their shape and develop acute chloroplast ends (opposite to basal bodies). By contrast, Astrephomene does not undergo inversion; rather, its daughter protoplasts rotate during successive cell divisions to form a spheroidal colony. However, the evolutionary pathways of these cellular events involved in the two tactics for formation of spheroidal colony are unclear, since the embryogenesis of extant volvocine genera with ancestral flattened colonies, such as Gonium and Tetrabaena, has not previously been investigated in detail. Results We conducted time-lapse imaging by light microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with staining of basal bodies, nuclei, and microtubules to observe embryogenesis in G. pectorale and T. socialis, which form 16-celled or 4-celled flattened colonies, respectively. In G. pectorale, a cup-shaped cell layer of the 16-celled embryo underwent gradual expansion after successive cell divisions, with the apical ends (position of basal bodies) of the square embryo?s peripheral protoplasts separated from each other. In T. socialis, on the other hand, there was no apparent expansion of the daughter protoplasts in 4-celled embryos after successive cell divisions, however the two pairs of diagonally opposed daughter protoplasts shifted slightly and flattened after hatching. Neither of these two species exhibited rotation of daughter protoplasts during successive cell divisions as in Astrephomene or the formation of acute chloroplast ends of daughter protoplasts as in volvocacean inversion. Conclusions The present results indicate that the ancestor of Astrephomene might have newly acquired the rotation of daughter protoplasts after it diverged from the ancestor of Gonium, while the ancestor of Volvocaceae might have newly acquired the formation of acute chloroplast ends to complete inversion after divergence from the ancestor of Goniaceae (Gonium and Astrephomene).

Keywords

Body plan; Embryogenesis; Gonium; Multicellularity; Tetrabaena; Volvocine green algae

External links

• DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x
• PMID: 31185890
• Other URL: http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x

About this resource

• Canonical resource URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S23894
• Other versions: Nexus NeXML
• Show BibTeX reference

  		@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref29240,
  	 author = {Shota  Yamashita and Hisayoshi  Nozaki},
  	 title = { Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae},
  	 year = {2019},
  	 keywords = {Body plan; Embryogenesis; Gonium; Multicellularity; Tetrabaena; Volvocine green algae},
  	 doi = {10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x},
  	 url = {http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x},
  	 pmid = {31185890},
  	 journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology},
  	 volume = {19},
  	 number = {1},
  	 pages = {120},
  	 abstract = {Background
  Volvocine algae provide a suitable model for investigation of the evolution of multicellular organisms. Within this group, evolution of the body plan from flattened to spheroidal colonies is thought to have occurred independently in two different lineages, Volvocaceae and Astrephomene. Volvocacean species undergo inversion to form a spheroidal cell layer following successive cell divisions during embryogenesis. During inversion, the daughter protoplasts change their shape and develop acute chloroplast ends (opposite to basal bodies). By contrast, Astrephomene does not undergo inversion; rather, its daughter protoplasts rotate during successive cell divisions to form a spheroidal colony. However, the evolutionary pathways of these cellular events involved in the two tactics for formation of spheroidal colony are unclear, since the embryogenesis of extant volvocine genera with ancestral flattened colonies, such as Gonium and Tetrabaena, has not previously been investigated in detail.
  
  Results
  We conducted time-lapse imaging by light microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with staining of basal bodies, nuclei, and microtubules to observe embryogenesis in G. pectorale and T. socialis, which form 16-celled or 4-celled flattened colonies, respectively. In G. pectorale, a cup-shaped cell layer of the 16-celled embryo underwent gradual expansion after successive cell divisions, with the apical ends (position of basal bodies) of the square embryo?s peripheral protoplasts separated from each other. In T. socialis, on the other hand, there was no apparent expansion of the daughter protoplasts in 4-celled embryos after successive cell divisions, however the two pairs of diagonally opposed daughter protoplasts shifted slightly and flattened after hatching. Neither of these two species exhibited rotation of daughter protoplasts during successive cell divisions as in Astrephomene or the formation of acute chloroplast ends of daughter protoplasts as in volvocacean inversion.
  
  Conclusions
  The present results indicate that the ancestor of Astrephomene might have newly acquired the rotation of daughter protoplasts after it diverged from the ancestor of Gonium, while the ancestor of Volvocaceae might have newly acquired the formation of acute chloroplast ends to complete inversion after divergence from the ancestor of Goniaceae (Gonium and Astrephomene).}
  }
  		

• Show RIS reference

  		TY  - JOUR
  ID  - 29240
  AU  - Yamashita,Shota 
  AU  - Nozaki,Hisayoshi 
  T1  -  Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae
  PY  - 2019
  KW  - Body plan; Embryogenesis; Gonium; Multicellularity; Tetrabaena; Volvocine green algae
  UR  - http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x
  N2  - Background
  Volvocine algae provide a suitable model for investigation of the evolution of multicellular organisms. Within this group, evolution of the body plan from flattened to spheroidal colonies is thought to have occurred independently in two different lineages, Volvocaceae and Astrephomene. Volvocacean species undergo inversion to form a spheroidal cell layer following successive cell divisions during embryogenesis. During inversion, the daughter protoplasts change their shape and develop acute chloroplast ends (opposite to basal bodies). By contrast, Astrephomene does not undergo inversion; rather, its daughter protoplasts rotate during successive cell divisions to form a spheroidal colony. However, the evolutionary pathways of these cellular events involved in the two tactics for formation of spheroidal colony are unclear, since the embryogenesis of extant volvocine genera with ancestral flattened colonies, such as Gonium and Tetrabaena, has not previously been investigated in detail.
  
  Results
  We conducted time-lapse imaging by light microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with staining of basal bodies, nuclei, and microtubules to observe embryogenesis in G. pectorale and T. socialis, which form 16-celled or 4-celled flattened colonies, respectively. In G. pectorale, a cup-shaped cell layer of the 16-celled embryo underwent gradual expansion after successive cell divisions, with the apical ends (position of basal bodies) of the square embryo?s peripheral protoplasts separated from each other. In T. socialis, on the other hand, there was no apparent expansion of the daughter protoplasts in 4-celled embryos after successive cell divisions, however the two pairs of diagonally opposed daughter protoplasts shifted slightly and flattened after hatching. Neither of these two species exhibited rotation of daughter protoplasts during successive cell divisions as in Astrephomene or the formation of acute chloroplast ends of daughter protoplasts as in volvocacean inversion.
  
  Conclusions
  The present results indicate that the ancestor of Astrephomene might have newly acquired the rotation of daughter protoplasts after it diverged from the ancestor of Gonium, while the ancestor of Volvocaceae might have newly acquired the formation of acute chloroplast ends to complete inversion after divergence from the ancestor of Goniaceae (Gonium and Astrephomene).
  L3  - 10.1186/s12862-019-1452-x
  JF  - BMC Evolutionary Biology
  VL  - 19
  IS  - 1
  ER  -