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Citation for Study 16473

About Citation title: "Ancient origin and recent innovations of RNA Polymerase IV and V".
About Study name: "Ancient origin and recent innovations of RNA Polymerase IV and V".
About This study is part of submission 16473 (Status: Published).

Citation

Huang Y., Kendall T., Forsythe E.S., Dorantes-acosta A., Li S., Caballero-perez J., Chen X., Arteaga-v?zquez M., Beilstein M.A., & Mosher R.A. 2015. Ancient origin and recent innovations of RNA Polymerase IV and V. Molecular Biology and Evolution, .

Authors

  • Huang Y.
  • Kendall T.
  • Forsythe E.S.
  • Dorantes-acosta A.
  • Li S.
  • Caballero-perez J.
  • Chen X.
  • Arteaga-v?zquez M.
  • Beilstein M.A.
  • Mosher R.A. (submitter) Phone 5206264185

Abstract

Small RNA-mediated chromatin modification is a conserved feature of eukaryotes. In flowering plants, the short interfering (si)RNAs that direct transcriptional silencing are abundant and subfunctionalization has led to specialized machinery responsible for synthesis and action of these small RNAs. In particular, plants possess Pol IV and Pol V, multi-subunit homologs of the canonical DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II, as well as members of the RDR, DCL, and AGO families. Together these enzymes are required for production and activity of Pol IV-dependent (p4-)siRNAs, which trigger RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) at homologous sequences. P4-siRNAs accumulate highly in developing endosperm, a specialized tissue found only in flowering plants, and are rare in non-flowering plants, suggesting that the evolution of flowers might coincide with the emergence of specialized RdDM machinery. Through comprehensive identification of RdDM genes from species representing the breadth of the land plant phylogeny we describe the ancient origin of Pol IV and Pol V, suggesting a nearly complete and functional RdDM pathway existed in the earliest land plants. We also uncover innovations in these enzymes that are coincident with the emergence of seed plants and flowering plants and recent duplications that might indicate additional subfunctionalization. Phylogenetic analysis uncovered rapid evolution of Pol IV and Pol V subunits relative to their Pol II counterparts and suggests subfunctionalization arose through Escape from Adaptive Conflict. Evolution within the carboxy-terminal domain of the Pol V largest subunit is particularly striking, where illegitimate recombination has driven sequence divergence.

Keywords

RNA-directed DNA methylation; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase; Gene duplication; Escape from Adaptive Conflict

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  • Canonical resource URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S16473
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