@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref17424, author = {Conrad Lamoraal Schoch and G. H. Sung and Francesc L?pez-Gir?ldez and Jeffrey P. Townsend and Jolanta Maria Miadlikowska and Valerie Hofstetter and Barbara Robbertse and Patrick Brandon Matheny and Frank Kauff and Zheng Wang and Rachael M. Andrie and K. Trippe and Lynda M. Ciuffetti and A. Wynn and Emily Fraker and Brendan P. Hodkinson and Gregory Bonito and Johannes (Ewald) Zacharias Groenewald and Mahdi Arzanlou and S. d. Hoog and Pedro W. Crous and David Hewitt and Donald H. Pfister and Kristin R. Peterson and Marieka Gryzenhout and Michael J Wingfield and Andr? Aptroot and S. O. Suh and Meredith Blackwell and David M Hillis and Gareth W. Griffith and Lisa A. Castlebury and Amy Y. Rossman and H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Robert L?cking and Burkhard B?del and Paul Diederich and Damien Ertz and David M. Geiser and Kentaro Hosaka and Patrik Inderbitzin and Jan Kohlmeyer and Brigitte Volkmann-Kohlmeyer and Lizel Mostert and Kerry O'Donnell and Harrie Sipman and Jack D. Rogers and Robert A. Shoemaker and Junta Sugiyama and Richard C. Summerbell and Wendy A. Untereiner and Peter Johnston and Soili Stenroos and Alga Zuccaro and Paul S. Dyer and Peter D. Crittenden and Rebecca Yahr and Mariette S. Cole and Karen Hansen and James M. Trappe and Francois M. Lutzoni and Joseph W. Spatafora}, title = {The Ascomycota Tree of Life: A Phylum-wide Phylogeny Clarifies the Origin and Evolution of Fundamental Reproductive and Ecological Traits.}, year = {2009}, keywords = {}, doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syp020}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, volume = {58}, number = {2}, pages = {224--239}, abstract = {We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Here we extend a pre-existing rankless classification to these nodes and discuss their importance in systematics and evolution of the Fungi. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all six genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology and development of fruiting bodies, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1) as compared to the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. A reconstruction of fruiting body characters is consistent with two origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in the Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This is the first report of this finding and highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports the exposed hymenium of the apothecium as the primitive ascocarp morphology for the Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially or completely enclosed ascocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within the Pezizomycotina with superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character state reconstructions support terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral with multiple derivations and ecological shifts toward marine habitats and plant and animal associations. Importantly, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species.} }

• Go to search
• Citation
• Taxa
• Matrices
• Trees
• Analyses
• 

CiteULike

Delicious

Connotea