@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19290, author = {Michael Hart and Charlotte Jeffrey Abt and Richard Emlet}, title = {Molecular phylogeny of echinometrid sea urchins: new species of ?Heliocidaris? with derived modes of reproduction}, year = {2011}, keywords = {bindin, COI, Shimodaira-Hasegawa test, evolutionary developmental biology}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Invertebrate Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Abstract. Pachechinus bajulus is an endemic Tasmanian sea urchin species with an unusual mode of brooded larval development. We used mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to estimate phylogenetic relationships among Pachechinus and other Echinometridae, including well-studied species of Heliocidaris with planktonic development. We found strong evidence for the planktotrophic species H. tuberculata as the sister group to a clade of three closely related species in which development is known (H. erythrogramma, P. bajulus) or suspected (P. australiae) to be lecithotrophic. Shimodaira-Hasegawa tests rejected monophyly of Heliocidaris species. Our most well resolved gene tree based on analysis of combined data from two loci suggested that Pachechinus species are not monophyletic either. The sister species to H. erythrogramma is most likely the virtually unstudied Australian endemic P. australiae. The phylogeny has potentially important implications for comparative studies of developmental morphology and genetics that have assumed a close sister-group relationship between H. erythrogramma and H. tuberculata, and highlight the need for such data from Pachechinus species. The results strongly suggest the need for a taxonomic revision (for example, by reassigning Pachechinus species to Heliocidaris).} }

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