@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref14590, author = {Yehoshua Anikster and Les J. Szabo and T. Eilam and Jacob Manisterski and Steven T. Koike and William R. Bushnell}, title = {Morphology, Life Cycle Biology, and DNA Sequence Analysis of Rust Fungi on Garlic and Chives from California.}, year = {2004}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Phytopathology}, volume = {94}, number = {}, pages = {569--577}, abstract = {In the late 1990's, commercial garlic fields in California (CA) were devastated by an outbreak of rust caused by Puccinia allii. We compared collections of the pathogen from garlic (Allium sativum) and chive (A. schoenoprasum) in central CA and Oregon (OR) to collections from garlic, leek (A. porrum and A. ampeloprasum) in the Middle East. Teliospores from the CA and OR collections were smaller in length, width and cross sectional area compared to collections from the Middle East. CA and OR collections had a shortened life cycle, in which pycnia or aecia were not formed. Germinating teliospores produced a two-celled promycelium, resulting in two basidiospores, each initially with two nuclei indicating that this rust was homothalic. In addition, the morphology of the substomatal vesicles was different between the CA/OR (fusiform) and the Middle Eastern (bulbous) collections. DNA sequence analysis of the nuclear ITS region separated the CA and OR rust collections in a well supported distinct cluster separate from the Middle Eastern and European samples. These results suggest that the rust on garlic and chive in California and Oregon is a different species than the rust fungus on garlic and leek in the Middle East.} }

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