@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20466,
author = {Michael Eric D'Angelo and Michelle A. Dunstone and James C. Whisstock and Joseph A. Trapani and Phillip I. Bird},
title = {Perforin evolved from a gene duplication of MPEG1, followed by a complex pattern of gene gain and loss within Euteleostomi},
year = {2012},
keywords = {Perforin, MPEG1, Complement, Cellular Immunity},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-12-59},
url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/59/abstract},
pmid = {22551122},
journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
abstract = {Background: The pore-forming protein perforin is central to the granule-exocytosis
pathway used by cytotoxic lymphocytes to kill abnormal cells. Although this mechanism
of killing is conserved in bony vertebrates, cytotoxic cells are present in other chordates
and invertebrates, and their cytotoxic mechanism has not been elucidated. In order to
understand the evolution of this pathway, here we characterize the origins and evolution
of perforin.
Results: We identified orthologs and homologs of human perforin in all but one species
analysed from Euteleostomi, and present evidence for an earlier ortholog
in Gnathostomata but not in more primitive chordates. In placental mammals perforin is a
single copy gene, but there are multiple perforin genes in all lineages predating
marsupials, except birds. Our comparisons of these many-to-one homologs of human
perforin show that they mainly arose from lineage-specific gene duplications in multiple
taxa, suggesting acquisition of new roles or different modes of regulation. We also
present evidence that perforin arose from duplication of the ancient MPEG1 gene, and
that it shares a common ancestor with the functionally related complement proteins.
Conclusions: The evolution of perforin in vertebrates involved a complex pattern of
gene, as well as intron, gain and loss. The primordial perforin gene arose at least 500
million years ago, at around the time that the major histocompatibility complex-T cell
receptor antigen recognition system was established. As it is absent from primitive
chordates and invertebrates, cytotoxic cells from these lineages must possess a different
effector molecule or cytotoxic mechanism.}
}
Taxa for matrix 11729 of Study 12411
Citation title:
"Perforin evolved from a gene duplication of MPEG1, followed by a complex pattern of gene gain and loss within Euteleostomi".
Study name:
"Perforin evolved from a gene duplication of MPEG1, followed by a complex pattern of gene gain and loss within Euteleostomi".
This study is part of submission 12411
(Status: Published).
Taxa
Return to matrix row view
Citation
Taxa
Matrices
Trees
Analyses
