@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref17794, author = {A. F. S. Taylor and Alan Hills and Giampaolo Simonini and Ernst E. Both and Ursula Eberhardt}, title = {Detection of species within the Xerocomus subtomentosus complex in Europe using rDNA-ITS sequences}, year = {2005}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The identification of species within the boletoid genus Xerocomus has relied heavily upon the macromorphological features of the sporocarps. However, the phenotypic plasticity and the strong influence of environmental conditions upon these characters have resulted in considerable confusion over the existence and delimitation of taxa. Here, we examined collections attributed to the X. subtomentosus complex in Europe using morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence data. In total, 45 European collections from a wide range of geographical areas and ecological conditions were included in the study. Four distinct taxa were recognised: Two correspond to the established taxa X. subtomentosus (13 collections) and X. ferrugineus (20 collections), although with wider phenotypic variation than previously accepted; one taxon, X. chrysonemus (10 collections) is described as new, and the existence of another taxon (2 collections from Italy and England) is noted but left undescribed due to lack of material. Eight collections from N. America were also included in the study, from which two taxa with a close affinity to X. ferrugineus were recognised. Further studies are underway to determine the relationship of these taxa to European counterparts. Xerocomus subtomentosus s. str. (the type species of the genus) is shown to be a variable taxon with respect to pileus colour and to the development of a raised stipital network. Variation in these characters does not support the recognition of species from X. subtomentosus. Considerably genetic variation was detected in the ITS region of X. subtomentosus, even within individual sporocarps. Xerocomus ferrugineus is a widespread, relatively common species that differs morphologically from X. subtomentosus s. str. primarily by slightly smaller spores and the flesh being white rather than having some degree of yellow coloration. Over a geographic range encompassing most of the length of Europe, the variation in the ITS region of X. ferrugineus is remarkably small. The new taxon, X. chrysonemus, currently only known from 11 sites in southern England, is characterised by smaller spores than the more widespread taxa and by having a bright, golden yellow mycelium at the stipe base. A key is given to these three taxa.} }

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