@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21770, author = {Heidi Tamm and Kadri P?ldmaa}, title = {Diversity, host associations and phylogeography of temperate aurofusarin-producing Hypomyces/Cladobotryum including causal agents of cobweb disease of cultivated mushrooms}, year = {2013}, keywords = {fungicolous ascomycetes, Hypocreales, systematics, multigene phylogeny, Cladobotryum mycophilum, Cladobotryum dendroides}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Temperate species of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum that produce red pigment aurofusarin are common on agaricoid and polyporoid basisiomycetes from six orders. Several cause cobweb disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms with serious losses. We sequenced FG1093, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 regions in 88 wild strains and 30 strains from mushroom farms, isolated from Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Multigene analyses support the distinctness of five species, while H. rosellus comprises several cryptic lineages. Our results reveal wide misuse of the name H. rosellus, especially for cobweb isolates. Majority of these belong to H. odoratus, with the poorly-supported group of fungicide-resistant strains from Europe and North America sharing almost identical sequence data. New collections are presented for C. multiseptatum, C. rubrobrunnescens, C. tenue and H. dactylarioides, all known only from type material. Either geographic isolation or host specialisation appear to be primary drivers of speciation on different continents. In contrast to the apparently wide dispersal and gene flow across H. rosellus s. str. in Eurasia, a North American West Coast lineage and two groups from the East Coast appear distinct. Southern Hemisphere species, C. multiseptatum and H. dactylarioides, are derived from the North American lineages. Both specialist and generalist host use strategies have evolved in the group. Analyses of five gene regions suggest the occurrence of recombination in all species, with prevalence of clonal reproduction in H. odoratus. This can be the reason for its success in mushroom farms, also facilitating the spread of fungicide resistance.} }

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