@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref17684, author = {Torsten H. Struck and Kenneth M. Halanych and Guenter Purschke}, title = {Dinophilidae (Annelida) is most likely not a progenetic Eunicida; Evidence from 18S and 28S rDNA}, year = {2005}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Dinophilidae is a meiofaunal group of annelids with incomplete segmentation and generally reduced development of morphological features. Progenetic origin has been invoked to explain dinophilids as derived Eunicida, because of the resemblance between adult dinophilids and larval eunicidans. Eunicida, a well-defined taxon within Annelida due to a ventral pharyngeal organ with a complex jaw apparatus, includes species up to 6m length. However, many larval and juvenile features are widespread among polychaetes and definitive morphological synapomorphies placing Dinophilidae within Eunicida are lacking. Furthermore, using 18S data, Struck et al. (2002) was not able to clearly support or refute the hypothesis that dinophilid arose as a progenetic eunicidan lineage. Thus, the phylogenetic relationship between Dinophilidae and other Eunicida remains unresolved. In the present study, we used sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA to test the hypothesized progenetic origin of Dinophilidae. Combined analyses of these two genes were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods as well as statistical tests of phylogenetic hypotheses (KH and SOWH tests). All analyses suggest Dinophilidae is not a eunicidan lineage, and statistical tests significantly reject the hypothesis of progenetic origin within Eunicida. However, exact placement of Dinophilidae among Annelida still remains unclear.} }

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