@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23086, author = {Trevor D Price and Daniel Hooper and Caitlyn Buchanan and Ulf Johansson and Dieter Thomas Tietze and Per Alstr?m and Urban Olsson and mousumi ghosh and Farah Ishtiaq and Sandeep K Gupta and Jochen Martens and Bettina Harr and Pratap Singh and Dhananjai Mohan}, title = {Niche filling slows the diversification of Himalayan songbirds}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Himalaya, Passerines, Non-Passerines}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Speciation generally involves a three-step process?range expansion, range fragmentation and the development of reproductive isolation between spatially separated populations. Ongoing speciation relies on cycling through these three steps and each may limit the rate at which new species form. Here, we estimate phylogenetic relationships among all Himalayan songbirds to ask if the development of reproductive isolation and/or ecological competition, both factors that limit range expansions, set an ultimate limit on speciation. Based on a phylogeny for all 358 species distributed along the eastern elevational gradient, we show that body size and shape differences evolved early in the radiation, with the elevational band occupied by a species evolving later. These results are consistent with competition for niche space limiting species accumulation. Even the elevation dimension appears to be approaching ecological saturation, as closest relatives both inside the assemblage and elsewhere in the Himalayas are on average old (>5My separated), which is longer than it generally takes for reproductive isolation to be completed and elevational distributions are well explained by resources, notably the abundance of arthropods, and not by differences in diversification rates in different elevational zones. Our results imply that speciation rate is ultimately set by niche filling, rather than the rate of acquisition of reproductive isolation. } }

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