@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref24207, author = {Siti Izera Ismail and Jean Carlson Batzer and Thomas C. Harrington and Pedro W. Crous and Dennis V. Lavrov and Huanyu Y Li and Guangyu Sun and Mark L. Gleason}, title = {Ancestral state reconstruction infers phytopathogenic origins of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on apple.}, year = {2015}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Members of the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex are epiphytic fungi in the Ascomycota that cause economically damaging blemishes of apple fruit worldwide. The SBFS fungi are polyphyletic, but about 96% of SBFS species are in the order Capnodiales. Evolutionary origins of SBFS fungi remain unclear, so we attempted to infer their origins by means of ancestral state reconstruction, utilizing the 28S nuclear large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA and the RPB2 gene, which encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The analyzed taxa included the well-known genera of SBFS and their most closely related non-SBFS fungi from seven families within the Capnodiales. The non-SBFS taxa were selected based on their distinct ecological niches, including plant parasitic and saprophytic species. The phylogenetic analyses showed that most SBFS species are closely related to plant parasitic fungi. Ancestral state reconstruction provided strong evidence that plant-parasitic fungi were the ancestors of the major SBFS lineages. Knowledge gained from this study may help to better understand the ecology and evolution of epiphytic fungi.} }

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