@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25162, author = {Lucio Bonato and Marco Orlando and Marzio Zapparoli and Giuseppe Fusco and Francesca Bortolin}, title = {New insights into Plutonium, the least known of the European large scolopenders (Chilopoda): occurrence, evolution and morphology}, year = {2016}, keywords = {body size, distribution < Geography, phylogeny < Ph ylogenetics, Plutonium zwierleini, Scolopendromorpha, Theatops}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Plutonium zwierleini is one of the largest scolopendromorph centipedes in Europe and is renowned for past debates on the evolution of segmental body pattern in centipedes and in arthropods in general. However,only 24 findings have been reported so far in the literature and probably only a dozen specimens still exist in zoological collections.By calling for new data among scholars and potential occasional recorders, we documented 19 new findings of the species, which confirm that populations are present today in four disjunct areas, in the southern Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, the southern Italian peninsula and Sicily. A phylogenetic analysis of the first molecular data obtained for Plutonium(16S, COI, 18S, 28S) provided strong evidence that it is closely related to Theatops, either sister to the latter or nested within it, with an estimated separation since the Mesozoic. Additionally, the direct examination of specimens from all the four inhabited areas allowed us to document many synapomorphies uniting Plutonium and Theatops, including brown*orange body colour, whitish patches in the place of wanting ocelli, a peculiar denticulation on the forcipules, and the conspicuously swollen and piercing ultimate legs. We also highlighted some derived characters unique to Plutonium, including the blade*edged claws of the ultimate legs and the previously overlooked presence of long, dense setae on most other legs, both in males and females from throughout the range.} }

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