@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25700, author = {Takahiro Yagame and Eriko Funabiki and Tomohisa Yukawa and Eiji Nagasawa}, title = {Identification of mycobionts in an achlorophyllous orchid, Cremastra aphylla (Orchidaceae), based on molecular analysis and basidioma morphology}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Fruitbody formation, Mycoheterotrophy, Orchid mycorrhiza, Psathyrellaceae, Saprobic fungi}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycoscience}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Mycorrhizal fungi were isolated and cultured from rhizomes of the mycoheterotrophic Cremastra aphylla (Orchidaceae) plants collected in three sites across Japan. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA from the isolated fungi revealed the presence of a single, unique phylotype in each site belonging to the genus Coprinellus in the family Psathyrellaceae. One of the isolates produced fruiting bodies and was identified as C. domesticus on the basis of macro-and microcharacters of the basidiomata and sequence data of ITS. The same species also associated with the leafy, partially mycoheterotrophic Cremastra variabilis, a close relative of Cr. aphylla, among its various mycobionts. We found that the evolution from partial to full mycoheterotrophy in the genus Cremastra does not associate a complete shift in fungal partners, but rather that a full mycoheterotrophic orchid species maintains associations with the same mycobionts as its related partial mycoheterotrophic species. These results suggest that fungal partners do not necessarily shift but are rather selected for in the course of the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.} }

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