@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref15534, author = {David S. Gernandt and Susana Magall?n and Gretel Geada Lopez and Omar Zeron Flores and Ann Willyard and Aaron Liston}, title = {Use of simultaneous analyses to guide fossil-based calibrations of Pinaceae phylogeny}, year = {2008}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Uncertainties in the age and phylogenetic position of Pinaceae fossils present significant obstacles to our understanding of the timing of diversification in the family. We demonstrate that simultaneous phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA (matK and rbcL) and non-molecular characters that include both extant genera and a limited number of fossil taxa provide useful hypotheses for calibrating molecular trees. Root placements varied for Pinaceae, with Bayesian analyses recovering mutually monophyletic subfamilies Pinoideae and Abietoideae, and parsimony analyses recovering Abietoideae as paraphyletic by placing the root between Cedrus and the remaining genera. The inferred phylogenetic position of fossil taxa Pityostrobus bernissartensis as the sister group to Pinus, and Pseudolarix erensis as the sister group to extant Pseudolarix was used to guide divergence time calibrations. These calibrations yield an Early Cretaceous or Early Jurassic age of crown group Pinaceae, respectively. The older age estimates based on Pseudolarix erensis are supported by weaker evidence from the fossil record, but are consistent with recent reports of Early Cretaceous leaf fossils that appear to coincide with extant genera. There remains a great need to characterize the anatomy of extant and fossil species, and to code additional non-molecular characters.} }

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