@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20921, author = {Jakob Damgaard and Klaus-Dieter Klass and Mike D. Picker and Gerda Buder}, title = {Phylogeny of the Heelwalkers (Insecta: Mantophasmatodea) based on mtDNA sequences, with evidence for additional taxa in South Africa.}, year = {2008}, keywords = {Mitochondrial DNA; Parsimony; Nuclear mitochondrial copies; Endemism; Mantophasmatodea}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.026}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {47}, number = {}, pages = {443--462}, abstract = {We examined the phylogeny of Mantophasmatodea from southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia) using approx. 1300 bp of mito- chondrial DNA sequence data from the genes encoding COI and 16S. The taxon sample comprised multiple specimens from eight described species (Namaquaphasma ookiepense, Austrophasma rawsonvillense, A. caledonense, A. gansbaaiense, Lobatophasma rede- linghuysense, Hemilobophasma montaguense, Karoophasma botterkloofense, K. biedouwense) and four undescribed species of Austrophas- matidae; three specimens of Sclerophasma paresisense (Mantophasmatidae); and two specimens of Praedatophasma maraisi and one of Tyrannophasma gladiator (not yet convincingly assigned to any family). For outgroup comparison a broad selection from hemimetab- olous insect orders was included. Equally weighted parsimony analyses of the combined COI + 16S data sets with gaps in 16S scored as a fifth character state supported Austrophasmatidae and all species and genera of Mantophasmatodea as being monophyletic. Most spe- cies were highly supported with 98?100% bootstrap/7?39 Bremer support (BS), but K. biedouwense had moderate support (87/4) and A. caledonense low support (70/1). Mantophasmatodea, Austrophasmatidae, and a clade Tyrannophasma gladiator + Praedatophasma mar- aisi were all strongly supported (99?100/12?25), while relationships among the two latter clades and Mantophasmatidae remain ambig- uous. Concerning the relationships among genera of Austrophasmatidae, support values are moderately high for some nodes, but not significant for others. We additionally calculated the partitioned BS values of COI and 16S for all nodes in the strict consensus of the combined tree. COI and 16S are highly congruent at the species level as well as at the base of Mantophasmatodea, but congruence is poor for most intergeneric relationships. In forthcoming studies, deeper relationships in the order should be additionally explored by nuclear genes, such as 18S and 28S, for a reduced sample of specimens.} }

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