@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref30918, author = {Daniela Oliveira Lisboa and Harry C. Evans and Jo?o Ara?jo and Samuel Galv?o Elias and Robert W. Barreto}, title = {Moniliophthora perniciosa, the mushroom causing witches? broom disease of cacao: Insights into its taxonomy, ecology and host range in Brazil.}, year = {2020}, keywords = {Agaricales, endophyte, Phylogenomics, Solanaceae, Theobroma cacao}, doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.001}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Witches? broom caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa (Marasmiaceae: Agaricales) is the main disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae) in Brazil. The fungus is known to occur on other host families and these populations have been addressed in the literature as biotypes: C (Malvaceae); H (Malpighiaceae); L (Bignoniaceae) and S (Solanaceae). However, there is a paucity of detailed studies allowing for a complete elucidation of the phylogenetic relationships of isolates obtained from this disparate host range. One broom-forming isolate (ex Heteropterys acutifolia, Malpighiaceae) has been described as a distinct species. A pending question is whether other biotypes should also be recognised as distinct taxa. In the present study, a survey of isolates of M. perniciosa from a range of hosts and geographic regions in Brazil was undertaken. These isolates were compared with those from T. cacao using three DNA regions for the phylogenetic analyses: ITS, LSU and RPB1. In addition, macro- and microscopic morphological characters were examined in a subset of these isolates to determine if morphology mirrors the genetic and ecological groupings. All isolates in this study were found to belong to Moniliophthora perniciosa, including the population from H. acutifolia, until recently, treated as Moniliophthora brasiliensis. Associations of M. perniciosa ranged from parasitic (malign) to a previously unreported occurrence as a non-parasitic (benign) endophyte in the Atlantic rainforest tree Allophylus edulis (Sapindaceae). Moniliophthora perniciosa was recorded on a range of solanaceous hosts (16 species) over a wide variety of ecosystems. The ecological and evolutionary significance of these novel findings are discussed.} }

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