@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref31589, author = {Thiyagaraja Vinodhini and Robert L?cking and Damien Ertz and Samantha C Karunarathna and Dhanushka Nadeeshan Wanasinghe and Kevin D Hyde}, title = {The evolution of life modes in Stictidaceae, with three novel taxa }, year = {2021}, keywords = {ancestral character analysis, asexual morph, Lecanoromycetes, Ostropomyces, sexual morph, Sphaeropezia}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Fungi}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Ostropales sensu lato is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order over the time. Ostropales sensu lato is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales sensu stricto and Thelenellales. Ostropales sensu stricto is now confined to the family Stictidaceae, which includes a large number of species that are poorly known, since they usually have small fruiting bodies that are rarely collected, and thus their taxonomy remains partly unresolved. Here we introduce a new genus Ostropomyces to accommodate a novel lineage related to Ostropa, composed of two new species, as well as a new species of Sphaeropezia, S. shangrilaensis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of mtSSU, LSU and ITS sequence data, together with phenotypic data documented by detailed illustrations, support the taxonomic affinity of the new taxa in Stictidaceae. Ancestral character state analysis did not resolve the ancestral nutritional status of Stictidaceae with confidence using Bayes traits, but a saprotrophic ancestor was indicated as most likely in a Bayesian binary MCMC approach. Frequent switching in nutritional modes between lineages suggests that lifestyle transition plays an important role in the evolution of this family.} }

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