@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref15490, author = {V. A. Funk}, title = {The systematics of montanoa (Asteraceae, Heliantheae).}, year = {1982}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden}, volume = {36}, number = {}, pages = {1--133}, abstract = {Montanoa Cerv. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) includes woody, white-rayed composites with Latin American distributions. Species recognition has always been difficult in the genus because of variation in such features as leaf shape, size and number of involucral bracts and head size. This variation was studied on the individual, inter- and intra-populational levels. Data collected from extensive field and herbarium studies were combined with the results of greenhouse experiments to determine the usefulness of such characters for species determination. Characters with high levels of consistency were used to delimit 25 species (30 taxa) within the genus. These taxa are divided into two subgenera, Montanoa and Acanthocarphae DC. Chromosome counts for 21 of the taxa are presented and revealed three high level polyploids that are all high altitude trees. A cladistic analysis showed extensive parallel evolution in a number of the more conspicuous characters. Basing the hierarchy of Montanoa on the branching pattern produced from the cladistic analysis has resulted in a more natural and predictive classification. Twenty-two of the species recognized are from the over 100 previously described species. There are three new species described here, M. standleyi, M. josei and M. imbricata. Subgenus Montanoa is divided into two sections Montanoa and Echinocephalae sect. nov., with the latter having three series, Frutescentes ser. nov., Amoenae ser. nov. and Apertae ser. nov. Subgenus Acanthocarphae has five series, all described here: Ovalifoliae, Quadrangulares, Hibiscifoliae, Intermediae and Grandiflorae.} }

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