@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref15778, author = {Marshal C. Hedin}, title = {Molecular Insights into Species Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Morphological Stasis in the Ancient Spider Genus Hypochilus (Araneae: Hypochilidae).}, year = {2001}, keywords = {}, doi = {10.1006/mpev.2000.0882}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {238--251}, abstract = {The spider genus Hypochilus is currently restricted to cool, moist microhabitats in three widely separated montane regions of North America, providing an op-portunity to study both deep (i.e., continental level) and shallow (within montane region) biogeographic history. Members of the genus also retain many plesi-omorphic morphological characteristics, inviting the study of comparative rates of morphological evolu-tion. In this paper, Hypochilus phylogeny and associ-ated evolutionary problems are addressed using both new molecular (28S nDNA and CO1 mtDNA) and pre-viously published (K. M. Catley, 1994, Am. Mus. Nov. 3088, 1?27) morphological data. Although the molecu-lar data provide limited resolution of root placement within Hypochilus, most analyses are at least consis-tent with morphology-supported montane relation-ships of (Rockies (California, Appalachian)). The monophyly of Hypochilus species distributed in the California mountains is ambiguous, with several anal-yses indicating that this fauna may be paraphyletic with respect to a monophyletic Appalachian lineage. The montane regions differ in consistent ways in depths of both mitochondrial and nuclear phyloge-netic divergence. Molecular clock analyses, in combi-nation with arthropod-based mtDNA rate calibrations, suggest that the regional faunas are of different ages and that speciation in all faunas likely occurred prior to the Pleistocene. Limited intraspecific sampling re-veals extraordinarily high levels of mtDNA cyto-chrome oxidase sequence divergence. These extreme divergences are most consistent with morphological stasis at the species level, despite preliminary evi-dence that Hypochilus taxa are characterized by frag-mented population structures.} }

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