@INCOLLECTION{TreeBASE2Ref19887, author = {Conny B. Asmussen-Lange and Henrik Balslev and Finn Borchsenius and Julissa Roncal}, title = {Divergence times in the tribe Geonomateae (Arecaceae) coincide with Tertiary geological events.}, year = {2010}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, booktitle = {Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons.}, isbn = {}, publisher = {Aarhus University Press}, address = {Aarhus}, editor = {Ole Seberg and Gitte Petersen and Anders Barfod and J Davis}, pages = {245?264}, abstract = {The Geonomateae is a species-rich palm tribe restricted to the Neotropics with a concentration of species in western Colombia and adjacent Central America with extensions along the Andes. We estimated divergence times for the Geonomateae based on a phylogeny resulting from analysis of two low-copy nuclear DNA genes and using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock method. We obtained calibration points from the fossil record and previous dated phylogenies in the Arecaceae. The results indicated a diversification of the tribe during the Oligocene at around 31 million years ago. Divergence time of a high elevation Geonoma clade from 3.8 to 9.2 million years ago coincided with the Andean uplift. A clade of Geonoma species from the Brazilian Shield was contemporary with Miocene marine incursions in South America. The most likely scenario to explain the arrival of the Calyptronoma-Calyptrogyne ancestor in the Greater Antilles is a migration through a dry-land connection between Central or South America prior to the formation of the Panamanian isthmus and after 27.8 million years ago. The molecular dating results were consistent with the growing evidence of a Tertiary diversification for most Neotropical biota and contradicted the Pleistocene refugia theory.} }

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