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@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18974, author = {Martina R?blov? and Walter Gams and Keith A Seifert}, title = {Monilochaetes and allied genera of the Glomerellales, and a reconsideration of families in the Microascales}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Australiasca, Australiascaceae, Ceratocystidaceae, Cylindrotrichum, Dischloridium, Gondwanamycetaceae, Reticulascus, Reticulascaceae, phylogeny, Plectosphaerellaceae}, doi = {10.3114/sim.2011.68.07}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Studies in Mycology}, volume = {68}, number = {}, pages = {163--191}, abstract = {The phylogenetic relationships of two species that mimic Chaetosphaeria in teleomorph and anamorph morphologies, Chaetosphaeria tulasneorum with a Cylindrotrichum anamorph and Australiasca queenslandica with a Dischloridium anamorph, are studied with four molecular data sets: the ITS region including ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 (ITS), nc28S (ncLSU) rDNA, nc18S (ncSSU) rDNA and a combined dataset of ncLSU-ncSSU-RPB2. The traditional placement of Ch. tulasneorum with taxa of the Microascales, based on the ncLSU sequences, is not supported; neither does Australiasca belong to the Chaetosphaeriaceae. Both holomorph species are nested within the Glomerellales, an order that can be reliably phylogenetically defined. A new genus, Reticulascus, is introduced for Ch. tulasneorum, with associated Cylindrotrichum anamorphs; another holomorph species of Reticulascus and its anamorph in Cylindrotrichum are described as new. The structure of the order Glomerellales is clarified; it includes three families, the Glomerellaceae and the newly described Australiascaceae and Reticulascaceae. Based on ITS and ncLSU rDNA sequence data, we confirm a close relationship between the anamorph genera Dischloridium and Monilochaetes. Consequently Dischloridium laeense, the type species of the genus, and three related species are transferred to Monilochaetes, which is the oldest name. The teleomorph of D. laeense is described in Australiasca as a new species. The Plectosphaerellaceae, which newly include the anamorph genus Stachylidium, are situated in a basal position to the Glomerellales in the three-gene phylogeny. Stilbella annulata of this family is newly combined in Acrostalagmus. Three phylogenetic analyses based on ncLSU, ncSSU and a combined data set of ncLSU, ncSSU, and RPB2 sequences were also performed to investigate the familial relationships within the Microascales. The family Ceratocystidaceae is validated here as a strongly supported monophyletic group consisting of Ceratocystis, Cornuvesica, Thielaviopsis and the type species of Ambrosiella. The new family Gondwanamycetaceae, a strongly supported sister clade to the Ceratocystidaceae is introduced for the teleomorph genus Gondwanamyces and its Custingophora anamorph. Four families are accepted in the order Microascales, Ceratocystidaceae, Gondwanamycetaceae, Halosphaeriaceae and Microascaceae. Because of a suggested affinity of a Faurelina indica isolate to the Microascales, the phylogenetic position of the Chadefaudiellaceae is reevaluated herein. Based on the results from a separate ncLSU analysis of the Dothideomycetes, Faurelina (Chadefaudiellaceae) is excluded from the Microascales and placed in the Pleosporales.} }