@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20736, author = {Domingos Ben?cio Oliveira Silva Cardoso and Luciano Paganucci Queiroz and Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima and Elisa Suganuma and Cassio van den Berg and Matthew T. Lavin}, title = {A molecular phylogeny of the Vataireoid legumes underscores floral evolvability that is general to many early-branching papilionoid lineages}, year = {2013}, keywords = {convergence; floral evolution; Leguminosae; morphology; phylogeny; Papilionoideae}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {100}, number = {2}, pages = {403?421}, abstract = {Premise of study: The fused and completely differentiated papilionate floral organs in the neotropical legume trees Vatairea and Vataireopsis were traditionally used in part to ascribe these genera to the tribe Dalbergieae. In contrast, the free and mostly undifferentiated floral parts of Luetzelburgia and Sweetia fit the circumscription of the ?primitive? Sophoreae. Such divergent floral morphologies thought to divide deep phylogenetic lineages indeed may be prone to episodic transformation among close papilionoid relatives. Methods: Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses involved nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and six plastid (matK, 3'-trnK, psbA-trnH, trnL intron, rps16, and trnD-T) DNA sequence loci. We sampled 26 out of 27 known species of Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis for at least five loci, most represented by multiple conspecific accessions. Outgroups included the Lecointeoid legumes. Parsimony mapping of 30 morphological traits was performed to apomorphically diagnose each genus. Papilionate floral morphology was used in an ancestral state likelihood reconstruction at each node of the Vataireoid clade. Key Results: Analysis of individual and combined data sets strongly resolved the monophyly of each of Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis. Vataireopsis was resolved as sister to the rest and the morphologically divergent Luetzelburgia and Vatairea were strongly resolved as sister clades. Floral morphology was generally not a good predictor of phylogenetic relatedness. Conclusions: For the first time, Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis are unequivocally resolved as the ?Vataireoid? clade. Fruit and vegetative traits are found to be more phylogenetically conserved than many floral traits. This explains why the identity of the Vataireoids has been overlooked or confused. The evolvability of floral traits may also be a general condition among many of the early-branching papilionoid lineages.} }

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