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@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref15584, author = {Peter Goldblatt and A. Rodriguez and Martyn P. Powell and T. J. Davies and John C. Manning and M. v. d. Bank and Vincent Savolainen}, title = {Iridaceae 'Out of Australasia'? Phylogeny, biogeography, and divergence time based on plastid DNA sequences}, year = {2008}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The current infrafamilial taxonomy of the Iridaceae recognizes four subfamilies; Isophysidoideae (1genus: 1 species); Nivenioideae (6: 86), Iridoideae (30: 800), and Crocoideae (28: 990). Phylogenetic analyses of plastid DNA sequences confirm most aspects of this classification and the evolutionary patterns that it implies, importantly the ancestral position of Isophysidoideae and the monophyly of Iridoideae. Subfamily Crocoideae is, however, paraphyletic: it is consistently found to be nested in Nivenioideae, and sister clade to the core Nivenioideae, the woody Klattia, Nivenia, and Witsenia. This clade is sister to Aristea, in turn is sister the Madagascan Geosiris, which is sister to the Australasian Patersonia. We treat Aristea, Geosiris, and Patersonia as separate subfamilies, Aristeoideae, Geosiridaceae, and Patersonioideae, rendering Nivenioideae and Crocoideae monophyletic. The alternative, uniting a widely circumscribed Nivenioideae and Crocoideae seems undesirable because Nivenioideae have none of the numerous synapomorphies of Crocoideae, and that subfamily includes more than half the total species of Iridaceae. Main synapomorphies of Crocoideae are: pollen operculate; exine perforate; ovule campylotropous; root xylem vessels with simple perforations; rootstock a corm; inflorescence usually a spike; plants deciduous. Four more derived features of Crocoideae are shared only with core Nivenioideae: flowers long-lived; perianth tube well developed; flowers sessile; and septal nectaries present. The genera of the latter subfamily are evergreen shrubs, have monocot-type secondary growth, tangentially flattened seeds, and the inflorescence unit a binate rhipidium. The latter feature unites core Nivenioideae with Aristea, Geosiris, and Patersonia, which have fugaceous flowers and, with few exceptions, a blue perianth. Molecular-based phylogenetic trees using sequences from six plastid DNA regions now show discrete generic clusters within Crocoideae and Iridoideae, the foundation for the tribal classification. The five tribe classification of Iridoideae, initially based on morphological characters and subsequently supported by a four plastid DNA region sequence analysis, continues to receive support using additional DNA sequences.} }