@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18715, author = {Jacob A. Esselstyn and Carl H. Oliveros}, title = {Colonization of the Philippines from Taiwan: A multilocus test of the biogeographic and phylogenetic relations of isolated populations of shrews.}, year = {2010}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Aim Colonization of the Philippines from Taiwan or neighboring areas of the Asian mainland has been proposed as an important source of diversity for some plant and animal groups in the northern Philippines. Previous inferences however, were based on taxonomic groupings, which sometimes fail to reflect phylogenetic history. Here, we test for colonization of the Philippines from the north in a group of shrews using explicit inferences of evolutionary history. Location Southeast Asia Methods We estimate the phylogenetic relationships of populations of shrews from Batan and Sabtang islands in the northern Philippines using DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear loci. We employ topology tests to evaluate the possible relationships of these shrews to species from throughout Southeast Asia. Results We find conclusive evidence that shrews from Batan and Sabtang are closely related to C. tanakae from Taiwan and additional specimens from the Asian mainland. Bayesian and frequentist topology tests using alignments of individual loci strongly reject any notion that Batan and Sabtang shrews are part of the main Philippine radiation of Crocidura, indicating that the northernmost Philippine islands were almost certainly colonized by shrews from Taiwan or mainland Asia. Main conclusions This study provides the first compelling evidence for colonization of the Philippine Archipelago by a terrestrial vertebrate via a northern route. Invasion of the northern Philippines by shrews, however, did not lead to further range expansion to more southerly parts of the Philippines. This study, combined with previous results, documents that Crocidura colonized the Philippines at least three times. However, only one of these invasions led to in situ speciation and ubiquity across the archipelago. } }

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