@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21791, author = {Chris A Hamilton and Brent E. Hendrixson and Michael Scott Brewer and Jason Bond}, title = {An Integrative Approach to Delimiting Species Using Multiple DNA Barcoding Methods: A Case Study of the North American Tarantula Genus Aphonopelma (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae)}, year = {2013}, keywords = {biodiversity, DNA barcoding, species delimitation, GMYC, systematics, Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {North America?s taxonomically problematic tarantula genus, Aphonopelma, is a group wherein traditional characters have been shown to be generally ineffective for evaluating inter- and intraspecific variation, providing one of the greatest known challenges to species delimitation and downstream identification in spiders. Our focus was to evaluate the efficacy of both classic and popular molecular-based ?species-delimitation? methods on the identification of known and unknown species across the most extensive sampling of a theraphosid genus to date, while also investigating the sensitivity of random taxon sampling on the reproducibility of species boundaries. DNA was sampled from 682 specimens for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) sequences ? representing the genetic, taxonomic and geographic breadth of the group. The effects of random taxon sampling compared traditional Neighbor-Joining with two modern species delimitation approaches, a quantitative approach, and a coalescence-based approach - Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent. Our findings reveal remarkable consistency in the former two approaches, while highlighting wildly divergent outcomes in the latter. This process allowed us to synthesize methodologies into an efficient, consistent, and more effective general methodological workflow for estimating the number of species and associated boundaries within the mygalomorph spider genus Aphonopelma using mtDNA barcode data. Taken alone, these approaches are not particularly useful - especially in the absence of prior knowledge of the focal taxa. Only through the incorporation of multiple lines of evidence, employed in a hypothesis-testing framework, can the delimitation of confident species boundaries be determined. A key point in studying closely related species, and perhaps one of the most important aspects of DNA barcoding, is to combine a sampling strategy that broadly identifies the extent of genetic diversity across the distributions of the species of interest and incorporates previous knowledge into the "species equation" (morphology, molecules, and natural history).} }

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