@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref26694, author = {Katy Lazarus and Gerald L. Benny and Haiso Man Ho and Matthew Edward Smith}, title = {Phylogenetic systematics of Syncephalis (Zoopagales, Zoopagomycotina), a genus of ubiquitous mycoparasites}, year = {2016}, keywords = {ITS region, molecular phylogenetics, mycoparasite, Piptocephalidaceae}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {We examined phylogenetic relationships among species of the mycoparasite genus Syncephalis using sequences from three nuclear ribsosomal DNA genes (18S, 5.8S and 28S nuc rDNA) and a gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1). Our dataset included 88 Syncephalis isolates comprising 38 OTUs and 23 named species. We also revived a culturing technique using beef liver and cellophane to grow several Syncephalis isolates without their host fungi to obtain pure parasite DNA. Most isolates, however, were grown in co-cultures with their host fungi, so we designed Syncephalis-specific primers to obtain sequence data. Individual and combined datasets were analyzed by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. We recovered 14 well-supported lineages and determined that most major clades contained isolates from distant localities on multiple continents. There were taxonomic and nomenclature issues within several clades, probably due to high phenotypic plasticity or species dimorphism. We also conducted an analysis of Syncephalis nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for 31 phylogenetically diverse isolates and we determined that most Syncephalis species have long ITS sequences relative to other fungi. Although commonly employed eukaryotic and fungal primers are compatible with diverse Syncephalis species, the ITS sequences of Syncepahlis are nonetheless rarely recovered in environmental molecular diversity surveys.} }

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