@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref28124,
author = {Sonja Kistenich and Einar Timdal and Mika Bendiksby and Stefan Ekman},
title = {Molecular systematics and character evolution in the lichen family Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)},
year = {2018},
keywords = {ancestral state reconstruction; integrative taxonomy; multilocus phylogeny; Phyllopsora; Toninia; tropical lichens},
doi = {10.12705/675.1},
url = {},
pmid = {},
journal = {Taxon},
volume = {67},
number = {5},
pages = {871--904},
abstract = {The Ramalinaceae is the fourth-largest family of lichenized ascomycetes with 42 genera and 913 species exhibiting
considerable morphological variation. Historically, generic boundaries in the Ramalinaceae were primarily based on morphological
characters. However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at odds
with evolutionary relationships. Tropical members of the family remain particularly understudied, including the large genus
Phyllopsora. We have generated and collected multilocus sequence data (mtSSU, nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2) for 149 species
associated with the Ramalinaceae and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family. We used ancestral
state reconstructions on our molecular family phylogeny to trace the evolution of character states. Our results indicate that the
Ramalinaceae have arisen from an ancestor with long, multiseptate ascospores living in humid temperate forests, and that the
phyllopsoroid growth form has evolved multiple times within the family. Based on our results using integrative taxonomy, we
discuss sister-relations and taxon-delimitation within five well-supported clades: The Bacidia, Biatora-, Ramalina-, Rolfidium-,
and Toninia-groups. We reduce six genera into synonymy and make 49 new nomenclatural combinations. The genera Bacidia,
Phyllopsora, Physcidia and Toninia are polyphyletic and herein split into segregates. We describe the two genera Bellicidia and
Parallopsora and resurrect the genera Bibbya, Kiliasia, Sporacestra, and Thalloidima. According to our new circumscription,
which also includes some additional changes, the family Ramalinaceae now comprises 39 genera.}
}