@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref27402, author = {Kai Riess and Max E Schoen and Rebekka Ziegler and Matthias Lutz and Roger G. Shivas and Marcin Piatek and Sigisfredo Garnica}, title = {The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae}, year = {2018}, keywords = {age estimation, co-phylogeny, Cyperaceae, Entorrhiza, Fungi, Juncaceae}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Fungi belonging to the Entorrhizales (Entorrhizomycota) comprise biotrophic pathogens associated with roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae plant species. They are nearly globally distributed but less studied due a hidden lifestyle without causing visible effects on associated host plants. Therefore, the evolutionary origin and phylogenetic relationship of the group are still poorly understood and it is not known whether species diversification was the result of co-evolution with their hosts or the result of host jumps. To infer hypotheses about the evolutionary history of the Entorrhizales, divergence times were estimated and plant-fungal tanglegrams calculated. Relaxed molecular clock analyses suggest that the Entorrhizomycota originated around the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic, and diverged during the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene into the extant orders Entorrhizales and Talbotiomycetales. The split of the major lineages within the Entorrhizales took place in the Eocene, somewhat later than the divergence of the host families Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. The Entorrhizales underwent major radiations during the Oligocene-Miocene. Topology- and distance-based co-phylogenetic analyses of the fungi and their hosts revealed a large number of co-speciation and lineage sorting events in early fungal speciation, which resulted in a phylogenetic split corresponding to species infecting Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. This split is congruent with spore differences and supports the rearrangement of the genus concept in this order. Entorrhiza s.str. is emended and restricted to species infecting hosts in the Cyperaceae, and a new genus Juncorrhiza gen. nov. is described for species infecting hosts in the Juncaceae. Additionally, three new species are described: Entorrhiza fuirenae, Juncorrhiza maritima and J. oxycarpi.} }

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