@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18600, author = {Jonathan Kissling and Peter K. Endress and Giorgina Bernasconi}, title = {Ancestral and monophyletic presence of diplostigmaty in Sebaea (Gentianaceae) and its potential role as a morphological mixed mating strategy}, year = {2009}, keywords = {}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03000.x}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {184}, number = {2}, pages = {303 -- 310}, abstract = {Diplostigmaty, the presence of a primary (apical) stigma and secondary (mid-stylar) stigmas along the style, is only known from the genus Sebaea (Gentianaceae). Early work indicated that the secondary stigmas provide a mechanism of autogamy suggesting that it may ensure reproductive assurance. Here, we test the monophyly of this unique morphological trait. Using Bayesian methods, we infer a nuclear DNA phylogeny for 96 accessions, including ca. 50% of the species from the genus Sebaea. With this phylogeny, we infer the distribution of ancestral states on critical nodes using parsimony and likelihood methods. The inferred nrDNA phylogeny shows that the genus Sebaea is divided in two statistically well supported clades, A and B, consistent with recent estimates. The most recent ancestor (MRCA) of clade A, except the most basal species (S. pusilla), is resolved as diplostigmatic. No reversal to a single stigma is observed within this clade. We suggest that diplostigmaty is evolutionarily stable through time. We also discuss why this reproductive system is not found elsewhere than in Gentianaceae and the potential advantage of diplostigmaty as a stable mixed mating strategy.} }

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