@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19747, author = {Anna Karnkowska and Rafał Milanowski and Richard E. Triemer and Bożena Zakryś}, title = {Taxonomic revisions of morphologically similar species from two euglenoid genera: Euglena (E. granulata and E. velata) and Euglenaria (Eu. anabaena, Eu. caudata, and Eu. clavata).}, year = {2012}, keywords = {Euglena, Euglenaria, Euglena anabaena, Euglena caudata, Euglena clavata, Euglena granulata, Euglena veleta, Euglenida, rDNA, taxonomical revision}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Phycology}, volume = {48}, number = {3}, pages = {729--739}, abstract = {The establishment of epitypes (together with the emended diagnoses) for three species of Euglenaria Karnkowska, Linton & Kwiatowski (Eu. anabaena (Mainx) Karnkowska et Linton, Eu. caudata (H?bner) Karnkowska et Linton, Eu. clavata (Skuja) Karnkowska et Linton) and two species of Euglena Ehrenb. (E. granulata (Klebs) Schmitz, E. velata Klebs), was achieved thanks to literature studies, verification of morphological diagnostic features (cell size, cell shape, number of chloroplasts, the presence of mucocysts), as well as molecular characters (SSU rDNA). Now all these species are easy to identify and distinguish, despite their high morphological similarity, i.e. spindle-shaped (or cylindrically-spindle-shaped) cells and parietal, lobed chloroplasts with a single pyrenoid, accompanied by bilateral paramylon caps located on both sides of the chloroplast. Euglena granulata is the only species in this group that has spherical mucocysts. Euglena velata is distinguished by the largest cells (90-150 ?m) and has the highest number of chloroplasts (over 30). Euglenaria anabaena has the fewest chloroplasts (usually 3-6), and its cells are always (whether the organism is swimming or not) spindle-shaped or cylindrically-spindle-shaped, in contrast to the cells of Eu. clavata, which are club-shaped (clavate) while swimming and only after stopping, change to resemble the shape of a spindle or a cylindrical spindle; Eu. clavata has numerous chloroplasts (15-20). Euglenaria caudata is characterized by asymmetrical spindle-shaped (fusiform) cells, i.e. with an elongated rear section and a shorter front section; the number of chloroplasts normally ranges from 7 to 15.} }

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