TreeBASE Search-Matrices for study 12167

@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20252, author = {Jeanmaire E Molina and Jun Wen and Lena Struwe}, title = {Systematics and biogeography of the non-viny grape relative Leeaceae (Vitales)}, year = {2012}, keywords = {5S-NTS-cryptic species-internal transcribed spacer-morphological evolution-Old World tropics-phylogeny-secondary structure-species complex-taxonomy-Vitaceae }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Leeaceae, and its only genus Leea, is sister to the grape family, Vitaceae, but its systematics is poorly known. The phylogeny of Leea was reconstructed with parsimony and Bayesian methods using nuclear ribosomal sequences to assess species circumscriptions, morphological evolution, and biogeography. The ITS secondary structure model for Leeaceae facilitated homology assessments during sequence alignment. Nine morphological characters were mapped onto the phylogeny. Four major clades within Leea were supported with L. asiatica s.l. (=clade I) as the earliest diverging clade and having plesiomorphic free stamens. Clade II, which includes the prickle-bearing species, is sister to clade III, which includes species with comparatively large flowers. Clade IV, sister to Clade II+III, was resolved into four subclades. Each subclade included accessions of L. indica and L. guineensis intermixed with six other morphologically distinct species, showing the polyphyly of these two species as currently circumscribed. Flower color, previously used to characterize species, was shown as unreliable for species identification. Dating analyses estimated that Leea originated in Indochina in Late Cretaceous (65-86.19 myr, 95% HPD). The major clades later spread to India, Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia as well as to tropical Australasia. Major species diversification happened in the Neogene, when dynamic environmental and geological changes in Southeast Asia presented new ecological niches. } }