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@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21904, author = {Christiane Baschien and Clement KM Tsui and Vladislav Gulis and Ulrich Szewzyk and Ludmila Marvanov?}, title = {The molecular phylogeny of aquatic hyphomycetes with affinity to the Leotiomycetes}, year = {2013}, keywords = {aquatic fungi, aero-aquatic, biodiversity, molecular systematics, Ingoldian fungi, taxonomy}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Aquatic hyphomycetes are fungi predominantly found on plant litter in freshwater habitats and they play a key role in decomposition of submerged organic matter and stream ecosystem functioning. We examined the phylogenetic relationships among various genera of aquatic hyphomycetes belonging to the Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota) using sequences of ITS and LSU regions of rDNA generated from 42 pure cultures including 19 ex-types. The data set was enlarged with, sequences of 36 aquatic hyphomycetes and of 60 related fungi obtained from GenBank. Aquatic hyphomycetes were scattered in nine moderate to well supported clades within the Leotiomycetes, mainly in the Helotiales. Many genera (Tricladium, Lemonniera, Articulospora, Anguillospora, Varicosporium, Filosporella and Flagellospora) are not monophyletic, with species from the same genus distributed among several major clades. Furthermore, the Gyoerffyella clade and the Hymenoscyphus clade each accommodated species from eight and six different genera, respectively. Thirteen aquatic hyphomycete taxa were grouped in the Leotia-Bulgaria clade. Twelve species clustered within the Hymenoscyphus clade along with several amphibous ascomycetes. In the Ascocoryne-Hydrocina clade, Filosporella species and additional four different aquatic taxa were placed. It is evident that many aquatic hyphomycetes are related to fungi of terrestrial origin and that morphological adaptation and colonization of the aquatic environment occurred independently in multiple phylogenetic lineages of the Leotiomycetes.} }